Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Survey Using the SPI, SDI and PNI Indices in The Province of Kurdistan

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Assistant professor. Watershed management engineering. Islamic azad university. Sanandaj. Kurdestan. Iran.

2 sanandaj.

3 Assistant professor, watershed management engineering,islamic azad university, sanandaj,iran

4 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Drought is one of the most destructive environmental phenomena that causes extreme damages to the natural resources and human lives. As the Province of Kurdistan supplies many agricultural products in the country, the occurrence of drought is very important and that is the main reason behind the execution of this study. The data of twenty-three hydrometric and seven synoptic stations were used in a 29-year common statistical period (1985-2013). To calculate the meteorological drought, the SPI and PNI indices, and for the hydrological drought, the SDI index were used at the annual time scale. Results of the Mann-Kendall and Thilson tests indicated the existence of a trend for the meteorological drought at Sanandaj, Marivan, Ghorveh, Zarrineh and Saqez Stations. Also, the running of this test on the SDI index indicated a downward trend in all of the hydrometric stations, except for the Sentin Khorokhoreh, Ghashlagh, Qeblv and Meyar stations. Results also showed that the root mean square error for SPI, PNI, and SDI were 0.41, 0.49 and 0.47, and the coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.65, 0.51 and 0.59, respectively. Therefore, the SPI index is the best function among these three.

Keywords

References

Ahani H, Kherad M, Kousari MR, Mehdi Rezaeian-Zadeh M, Kamali S. 2012. An investigation of trends in precipitation volume for the last three decades in different regions of Fars province, Iran. Theoretical and Applied Climatology Journal, 109: 361 – 382.
Alizadeh A. 2003. Principles of applied hydrology. Imam Reza University Press, 480 p. (In Persian).
Asadzadeh F, Bayazidi M, Kaki M. 2015. Monitoring and drought estimation of barometric stations of east of Lake Urmia using the comparative neuro-fuzzy model. Journal of Ecohydrology, 3 (2): 205-218. (In Persian).
Azizi Gh, Rooshani M. 2009. Recovering climate change in the Midwest of the country using multivariate statistical analysis. Geographic research Journal, 64: 13–28. (In Persian).
Chang TJ, Kleopa X. 1991. A purposed method for drought monitoring. Water Resource Research, 2: 275– 281.
Cook Er, Jacoby Gc. 1983. Potomac River streamflow since 1730 as reconstructed by tree-rings. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 22(10):1659– 1672.
Edward DC, McKee TB. 1997. Characteristics of 20th century drought in the United States and multiple time scales, climatology report, Colorado state university, 155p.
Hamed Kh. 2007. Trend detection in hydrologic data: the mean-Kendall trend test under the scaling hypothesis. Journal of Hydrology, 349: 350–363.
Haslinger K, Koffler D, Schner W, Laaha G. 2014. Exploring the link between meteorological drought and streamflow, effects of climate-catchment interaction. Water Resource Journal, 50 (3):2468–2487.
Joetzjer E, Douville H, Delire C, Ciais P, Decharme B, Tyteca S. 2013. Hydrologic benchmarking of meteorological drought indices at interannual to climate change timescales: a case study over the amazon and Mississippi river basins. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(12): 4885–4895.
Karamouz M, Araghinejad SH. 2005. Advanced hydrology, Amirkabir University of Technology press, 480 p. (In Persian).
Karimi M, Habibnejad Roshan M, John Abkar A. 2011. Evaluation of meteorological drought indices in Mazandaran synoptic stations. Journal of Applied Research on Irrigation and Water Engineering, 5: 110–119. (In Persian).
Kendall MG. 1970. Rank correlation methods, New York, 220 p.
Lashte Zand M, Parvaneh B, Messani K, Sepahand A. 2012. Adaptive Adjustment of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought in the Sarab, Sayed Ali Basin. Journal of Irrigation Engineering, 3(9): 45–53. (In Persian).
Mahdavi M. 2002. Applied Hydrology, Tehran University Press, 364 p. (In Persian).
Mann HB. 1945. Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrical, 13: 245–259.
Mayer SJ, Hubbard KG. 1995. Extending the crop-specific drought index to soybean, In: Preprint, 9th conference on on applied climatology. American Meteorological Society, 258–259.
McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J. 1993. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, paper at 8th conference on applied climatology. American meteorological society, 230–232.
McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J. 1995. Drought monitoring with multiple time scales, paper presented at 9th conference on applied climatology. American meteorological society, 283–286.
Mehry S, Haji KH, Alizadeh V, Mostafazadeh R. 2017. Assessment of spatial variations of meteorological drought periods severity in Kurdistan Province at different time scales. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Data journal, 26(102): 151–162. (In Persian).
Menicino G, Alfonso B. 2008. A Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) for drought monitoring and forecasting in a Mediterranean an climate. Journal of Hydrology, 282–302.
Mishra AK, Singh VP. 2010. A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology, 391(1-2):202-216.
Modarres R. Sarhadi A. 2009. Rainfall trends analysis of Iran in the last half of the twentieth century Reza 1 and Ali. Journal of Geophusical research, 114: 1–9.
Mofidipour N, Brady Sheikh M, Onagh S. 2012.Investigation of the Relationship between Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts in Atrakh Basin. Watershed Management research, 5(3): 34–43. (In Persian).
Mohammadian A, Koohi M, Adineh Beigi A, Rasouli J, Bazrafshan B. 2010.Comparison of drought monitoring using SPI, DI and PNI Indices and Their Zoning (Case Study: North Khorasan Province). Research Water and Soil Conservation (Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources), 17 (1): 184–177. (In Persian).
Montaseri M, Nurjo A, Bahmanesh J, Akbari M. 2018. The study of wet and dry weather in the southern basins of Lake Urmia (Case Study: Zarinehroud and Siminrood watersheds). Journal of Ocohydrology, 5 (1): 189–202. (In Persian).
Montasi M, Nurjo A, Bahmanesh J, Akbari M. 2018. The study of wet and dry weather in the southern basins of Lake Uremia (Case Study: Zarinehroud and Siminrood watersheds). Journal of Ocohydrology, 5 (1): 189–202. (In Persian).
Moradi HR, Mansur Rajabi M, Faraj zadeh M. 2007. Analysis trend and spatial characteristics of droughts intensity in Fars province. Iranian Journal of range and desert research, 14 (1):97–109. (In Persian).
Moreira EE. 2016. SPI drought class prediction using log-linear models applied to wet and dry seasons. Journal Physic and chemistry of the earth, 94: 136–145.
Morid S, Paymazd Sh. 2007. Comparison of hydrological and meteorological methods for daily drought monitoring: A Case Study of the Drought Period from 1997 to 2000 in Tehran Province. Journal of Animal Science and Natural Resources, 11(42 B): 87–96. (In Persian).
Mozafari Gh. 2006. The discrepancy between meteorological drought and hydrological droughts in two adjacent basins in the northern slopes of Shirkouh of Yazd. Journal of Modares University of Humanities, Special Issue of Geography, 9: 128–137. (In Persian).
Nasser Zadeh MH, Ahmadi A. 2012. Evaluation of the performance of meteorological drought indices in drought evaluation and zoning in Qazvin province. Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 12 (27):162–142. (In Persian).
Nohegar A, Ghashgazi Zadeh N, Heydarzadeh M, Idon M, Panahi M. 2016. Drought evaluation and its effect on surface and underground water resources (Case study: Minab River Basin). Earth Sciences Research, 7 (27): 28–43. (In Persian).
Patel NRP, Chopra VK, Dadhwal. 2007. Analyzing spatial patterns of meteorological drought using standardized recipitation index. Meteorological Applications, 14(4): 329–336.
Salavati B, Sadeghi SHR, Telvari AR. 2010. Runoff generation modeling for Kurdistan province watersheds using physiographic and climatic variable. Journal of Water and Soil, 24 (1): 84–96. (In Persian).
Sen P. 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendalls ta. Journal of American statistical associate. 63:1379–1389.
Shahrokh Wandi M, Lashini Zand M, Khapoor M. 2009. Hydrological drought and its relationship with precipitation in the Khorramabad river basin. Journal of Geography, 6: 155–140. (In Persian).
Teymori F, Ghorbani Kh, Bazrafshan J, Sharifian H. 2015. Comparative study of meteorological indexes with hydrological profiles for drought monitoring by data mining method (case study: Orzakoush station, Golestan province). Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 46(3): 405–413. (In Persian).
Theil H. 1950. A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis, Koninklijke Nederlands akademie va wetenschappen, 53:386–392.
Tsakiris G, Vangelis H. 2004. Towars a drought watch system based on spatial SPI.water resources management journal, 18: 1-12.
Van Loon AF, Laaha G. 2015. Hydrological drought severity explained by climate and catchment Characteristics. Journal of Hydrology, 526:3–14.
Wijngaard JB, Klein Tank AMG, Konnen GP. 2003. Homogeneity of 20th century European daily precipitation series. International Journal of climatology, 23: 679–692.
Wu J, Hu Z, Yao H, Chen X, Chen X, Zheng Y, He Y. 2018. Impacts of reservoir operations on multi-scale correlations between hydrological drought and meteorological drought., Journal of Hydrology, 563: 726–736.
Zare Abianeh H, Mahboobi AA. 2004. Evaluation of drought situation and its process in Hamadan region on the basis of drought statistical indexes. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi Journal, 64:2–7. (In Persian).

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 January 2018
  • Revise Date: 17 November 2018
  • Accept Date: 28 November 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics