Developing Resources Management Responses in the Gorganroud Watershed Using the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) Software

Document Type : Research

Authors

Assistant Professor of Watershed Management, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Recognizing watershed problems and investigating the causes which arose them is the most fundamental step in watershed management plans, which results in identifying key management responses in each watershed. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly analyze the problems and determine management strategies before developing operational plans to solve them. The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental problems of the Gorganrood Basin to determine the main managerial responses. Identifying and analyzing the main environmental problems resulted in developing management responses for the region. To prioritize different components of the DPSIR, a Likert questionnaire filled with expert opinions and the Friedman test were used. The results indicated that four driving forces, namely climate change, population growth, management structure, and rules have caused 25 pressures on the Gorganrood Basin resources. The most important pressures were part-thinking organizations, incorrect agricultural expansion and excessive exploitation of water resources. These pressures, in turn, have caused 10 disturbed states, the most important of which are water resources depletion, flooding and soil erosion. These situations have 13 adverse impacts, the most important of which are flood damages, reduced downstream water rights and reduced public confidence in the government agencies. To improve the situation, 28 management responses were presented, of which the most important are integrated watershed management, land use planning and proper organizational structure. The overall result is that cause and effect analysis using the DPSIR framework provides an appropriate conceptual infrastructure, which is a prerequisite for developing the Basin's operational management plan. Therefore, it is suggested that executive organizations identify suitable responses by using this approach before developing operational plans for each watershed.

Keywords

References

Alijani R, Vafakhah M, Malekian A. 2016. Spatial and temporal analyses of monthly stream flow deficit intensity in Gorganroud watershed, Iran. ECOPERSIA. 4 (1): 1313-1329.
Armin M, Mosaffaie J, Ghorbannia Kheybari V, Khairi A. 2019. Landslide zoning and its risk management plan in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province using Haeri-Sami model. Quantitative Geomorphological Research. 7(4): 176–196. (In Persian).
Azari M, Moradi HR, Saghafian B, Faramarzi M. 2016. Climate change impacts on streamflow and sediment yield in the North of Iran. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 16 (1): 123–133.
Azari M, Saghafian B, Moradi HR, Faramarzi M. 2017. Effectiveness of soil and water conservation practices under climate change in the Gorganroud Basin, Iran. Clean Soil Air Water. 45 (8), doi: 10.1002/clen.201700288.
Bell S. 2012. DPSIR=a problem structuring method? An exploration from the ‘‘Imagine’’ approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 222, 350e360.
Borji M,  Moghadam Nia A,  Malekian A, Salajegheh A, Khalighi Sh. 2018. Comprehensive evaluation of groundwater resources based on DPSIR conceptual framework. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 11(158): 1–13. DOI:10.1007/s12517-018-3453-2
EEA .2003. Environmental indicators: Typology and use in reporting. European Environment Agency, 20 p.
Fatemi E. Vafaie F.  Bressers H. 2013. Assessment of environmental flow requirement effects at an estuary. Water Management. 166(8):411–421.
Gari SR, Newton A, Icely JD. 2015. A review of the application and evolution of the DPSIR framework with an emphasis on coastal social– ecological systems. Ocean Coast. Manage. 103: 63–77.
Gari SR, Guerrero CEO, Uribe B, Icely JD, Newton A. 2018. A DPSIR-analysis of water uses and related water quality issues in the Colombian Alto and Medio Dagua Community Council. Water Science. 32: 318–337.
Gregory AJ, Atkins JP, Burdon D, Elliot M. 2005. A problem structuring method for ecosystem-based management: The DPSIR modeling process. European Journal of Operational Research 227: 558–569.
Jazi H. Karkehabadi Z. Kamyabi S. 2018a. Sustainability analysis of garmsar as a city dependent to the upstream watershed based on dpsir assessment model. Iranian-Watershed Management Science & Engineering. 12 (41): 115–124. (In Persian).
Jazi H, Karkehabadi Z, Kamyabi S. 2018b. Sustainable development strategies in upper basin watershed cities, Case study: Garmsar City. Watershed Engineering and Management. 9(4): 426–440. (In Persian (.
Joybari J, Kavian A, Mosaffaie J. 2015. Evaluation the effect of precipitation characteristics on the spatial and temporal variation of landslide movement (Case study:Tavan landslide of Qazvin province). Geography and Environmental Hazards. 4 (16): 75–86. (In Persian (.
Joybari J, Kavian A, Mosaffaie J. 2017. An evaluation of the effect of land use on the amount of landslide movement (Case study: Tavan landslide of Qazvin). Watershed Management Research. 30 (3): 29–39. DOI: 10.22092/wmej.2017.116713. (In Persian (
Kristensen JB, Thygesen LG, Felby C, Jorgensen H, Elder T. 2008. Cell-wall structural changes in wheat straw pretreated for bioethanol production. Biotechnol Biofuels.1(5): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-1-5.
Mahzari S, Kiani F, Azimi M, Khormali F. 2016. Using SWAT model to determine runoff, sediment yield and nitrate loss in Gorganroud Watershed, Iran. Ecopersia. 4 (2): 1359–1377.
Mansourfar K. 2006. Advanced methods of statistics with computer programs, University of Tehran Press, Tehran.
Mohseni Saravi M, Mortezaii Frizhandi Gh. 2015. Integrated watershed management. University of Tehran Press, 279 p.
Mortezaii Frizhandi Gh, Shahbazi R, Rostamizad Gh. 2016. Exploitation and sustainable development of watersheds (section 3) decision support tool, models and case studies. Iranian Student Book Agency, 218p.
Mosaffaie J, Malekinezhad H. 2017. Peak flow estimation in ungauged catchments using flow index. Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering. 11(37): 85–88. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie J, Ekhtesasi MR, Salehpour Jam A, Rajabi MR. 2017. Sediment source ascription in Vartavan catchment using composite fingerprint technique. Journal of Watershed Management Research. 8(16): 123–131. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie J, Ekhtesasi MR, Salehpour Jam A. 2017. Comparison of fingerprinting and field measurement of erosion in water sediment source tracing. Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering. 12(40): 1–9. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie J, Ekhtesasi MR, Salehpour Jam A. 2017. Seasonal variation of the erosion rate using direct measurement. Journal of Watershed Management Research. 30(2): 48–56. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie J, Ekhtesasi MR, Dastorani MT. 2015. Evaluation of downstream trends in sediment morphometric characteristics affected by hydrologic and lithologic controls in Vartavan Catchment. Journal of Watershed Management Science and Engineering. 9 (30): 23–30. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie J, Ekhtesasi MR, Dastorani MT, Azimzadeh HR, Zare Chahuki MA. 2015. Temporal and spatial variation of the water erosion rate. Arabian journal of Geosciences. 8 (8): 5971–5979. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-014-1628-z
Mosaffaie J, Salehpour Jam A. 2018. Economic assessment of the investment in soil and water conservation projects of watershed management. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 11(368): 1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-018-3706-0.
Mosaffaie J, Salehpour Jam A, Kamali M. 2018. Evaluation of the ecological capability of Aqujan watershed for rangeland and agriculture using GIS. RS and GIS for Natural Resources. 9 (1): 131–144. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie J, Nikkami D, SalehPour jam A. 2019. Watershed management in Iran: History, evolution and future needs. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management. 11 (2): 283–300. DOI: 10.22092/ijwmse.2018.121169.1459. (In Persian).
Mosaffaie, J., Salehpour Jam, A., Tabatabaei, M. R., Kousari, M. R. 2021. Investigation of solutions for resources management in Gorganroud watershed using DPSIR framework. Research project No. 24-29-29-027-980430. Soil Conservation & Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI).
Namaalwa S, Van dam AA, Funk A, Ajie GS, Kaggwa RC. 2013. A characterization of the drivers, pressures, ecosystem functions and services of Namatala wetland, Uganda. Environmental Science and Policy. 34: 44–57.
Rashvand S, Mosaffaie J, Darvish M, Rafiei Emam A. 2013. Investigation on potential of desertification in terms of decay of vegetation. Case study: rude shoor, Qazvin. Journal of Range and Desert Research. 20 (1): 38–49. (In Persian).
Rashvand S, Mosaffaie J. 2013. Investigation of human population pressure on environment, case study: Masile Basin of Qazvin. Human and Environment. 11(25): 41–55. (In Persian).
Saadat H. Bonnell R. Sharifi F. Mehuys G. Namdar M. Ale-Ebrahim S. 2008. Landform classification from a digital elevation model and satellite imagery. Geomorphology. 100 (3–4): 453–464.
Sadoddin A, Shahabi M, Bai M. 2017. Integrated watershed assessment and management, principles and approaches for modelling and decision making. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 170 p. (In Persian).
Sadoddin A, Sheikh VB, Ownegh M, Najafi Nejad A, Sadeghi HR. 2016. Development of a national mega research project on the integrated watershed management for Iran. Environmental Resources Research. 4(2): 231–238.
Salehpour Jam A, Tabatabaei M, Sarreshtehdari A, Mosaffaie J. 2019. Investigation of drought characteristics in north-west of Iran using Deciles Index. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management. 10 (4): 552–563. DOI: 10.22092/IJWMSE.2018.115672.1360. (In Persian).
Salehpour Jam A, Mosaffaie J, Tabatabaei M. 2019. Investigation of pedological criterion affecting on desertification in alluvial fans using nonparametric tests, case study: south of Rude-Shoor watershed area. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazarts. 6 (3): 1–14. (In Persian).
Salehpour Jam A, Peyrowan H, Tabatabaei M, Sarreshtehdari A, Mosaffaie J. 2019. An assessment of the land degradation potential using the TOPSIS method (Case study: Rangelands overlooking the city of the Eshtehard, the Province of Alborz). Watershed Management Research. 32 (4): 72–93. DOI: 10.22092/wmej.2019.126535.1227. (In Persian).
Salehpour Jam A, Fahimeh R, Sarreshtehdari A, Mosaffaie J, Kianian MK. 2020. Prioritization of preventing social indices affecting on peoples' participation in natural resources plans using AHP method and nonparametric tests. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management. 12(1): 330–339. doi:10.22092/ijwmse.2018.121767.1480. (In Persian).
Shao C, Guan Y, Chu C, Shi R, Ju M, Shi J. 2014. Trends analysis of ecological environment security based on DPSIR model in the coastal zone: A survey study in Tianjin, China. International journal of Environment Research. 8(3): 765–778.
Sharifi F, Samadi SZ, Wilson CAME. 2011. Causes and consequences of recent floods in the Golestan Catchments and Caspian Sea regions of Iran. Natural Hazards. 61 (2): 533–550. doi:10.1007/s11069-011-9934-1
Sheikh V, Zare Garizi A, Alvandi E, Asadi Nalivan O, Khosravi Gh, Sadoddin A, Ownegh M. 2020. Participatory site selection for the proposed options in the management of the Hable-Roud Basin. Watershed Management Research. 32 (4): 2–18. DOI: 10.22092/wmej.2019.125497.1194. (In Persian).
Tabatabaei MR, Salehpour Jam A, Mosaffaie J. 2020. Improvement of the efficiency of artificial neural network model in suspended sediment simulation using particle swarm optimization algorithm. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management. 12 (3): 756–770. (In Persian).

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 January 2020
  • Revise Date: 09 May 2020
  • Accept Date: 30 May 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics