Evaluating the Effect of Drought on the Temporal Recharge Pattern of Aquifers in the Damghanroud Watershed

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Postdoc researcher, Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

10.22092/wmrj.2024.365662.1585

Abstract

Introduction and Goal
Groundwater is considered one of the most important sources for agriculture and drinking water supply, and it is significantly affected by environmental and climatic factors. Our limited understanding of hydrological processes, particularly groundwater resource, makes understanding the metrics and patterns affecting groundwater recharge essential for the optimize water resource management. Examining the temporal patterns of groundwater recharge provides a foundation for sustainable management of groundwater resources to mitigate the effects of drought on water supplies.
Materials and Methods
This study quantifies groundwater recharge from 2008 to 2018 using the SWAT model in the Damghanroud watershed located in Semnan Province. Calibration and validation of the model were performed using SWATCUP and the SUFI2 algorithm. The standardized precipitation index (SPI), the reconnaissance drought index (RDI), and the standardized runoff index (SRI) were used to assess the impacts of drought on aquifer recharge. The trend of aquifer recharge was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and Sen's slope estimator method.
Results and Discussion
The analysis of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient during the calibration (0.77) and validation (0.69) periods in the SWAT model showed that the model's performance in simulation groundwater was relatively good. The findings revealed that, on a monthly scale, the effects of drought on aquifer recharge did not show a specific trend; however, in the winter, spring, and summer seasons, there was an increasing trend in the decline of aquifer recharge. Reduced rainfall and runoff, coupled with increased temperature and evapotranspiration during rainy seasons, intensified drought conditions, leading to decreased groundwater recharge.
Conclusion and suggestions
Temporal analysis of aquifers revealed that in arid and semi-arid regions, climatic variable changes are closely linked with drought phenomena. The results of this study show that the temporal pattern of aquifer recharge changed under the influence of various variable changes in the watershed, and the magnitude of these changes was based on the correlation of the variables. The trend analysis of droughts on aquifer recharge showed an increasing trend during wet periods and a decreasing trend during dry periods. These findings can be used to improve aquifer recharge during wet periods and to mitigate the effects of droughts on aquifer recharge through optimal management and planning of existing water resources. It is recommended to implement comprehensive planning and optimal management of water resources during both wet and dry periods to improve groundwater recharge and mitigate the effects of drought. Additionally, using climate change prediction models and strengthening monitoring of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas is essential to prevent unexpected reductions in aquifer recharge in a timely manner.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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History

  • Receive Date: 05 May 2024
  • Revise Date: 29 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 19 September 2024

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