ارزیابی مدل اف‌اس‌ام از راه رسو ب‌سنجی آبگیر بندهای کوچک در استان فارس

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 مربی پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

کمبود آمار و نیاز کارشناسان به اطلاع از میزان فرسایش و رسوب ‌دهی حوزه‌های آبخیز در مناطق مختلف کشور، استفاده از مدل‌های تجربی را اجتناب‌ناپذیر ساخته است. یکی از این مدل‌ها اف‌اس‌ام است. هدف از اجرای این تحقیق بررسی کارآیی این مدل در استان فارس است. پنج حوزه‌ی آبخیز کوچک در استان فارس انتخاب شد. در خروجی این حوزه‌های آبخیز، بندهای خاکی و سنگی‌- ملاتی بنا شده‌‌اند. این بندها سرریز ندارد و سن بیشتر آن‌ها نزدیک به 10 سال است. مقدار رسوب‌های ته‌نشین شده در آب‌گیر آن‌ها با استفاده از نقشه‌برداری ‌‌به‌‌دست آمد. وزن مخصوص ظاهری رسوب‌ها با عملیات صحرایی تعیین، و حجم رسوب‌ها با درنظرگرفتن سال‌های رسوب‌گیری به وزن تبدیل شد. نرخ فرسایش‌پذیری حوزه‌های آبخیز با استفاده از مدل اف‌اس‌ام تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از مدل اصلی اف‌اس‌ام برای حوزه‌های آبخیز پژوهش بیش‌برآوردی بسیار زیادی را نشان داده است و کارآیی ندارد. میانگین نسبی مربعات خطای مدل واسنجی‌شده 0/246 محاسبه شد، که نشان‌دهنده‌ی خطای کم مدل واسنجی‌شده است. نتایج برآوردشده‌ی مدل واسنجی‌شده‌ی اف‌اس‌ام با مقادیر رسوب‌های اندازه‌گیری‌شده حاکی از تطابق 75 % این مدل است، بنابراین می‌توان نتایج برآورد مدل واسنجی‌شده را پذیرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the FMS empirical model using sediment survey of small reservoirs in the Fars province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Ghahari 1
  • Saeed Nabipay Lashkarian 2
  • Seyed Hamid Mesbah 3
1 Assistant Professor of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
2 M.Sc. of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
3 Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The scarcity of reliable data for the rate of erosion and sedimentation on numerous watersheds all over the country makes the application of empirical models inevitable. One of these models is the Factorial Scoring Model (FMS). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the model's efficiency in the Fars Province This study was conducted on 5 small watersheds where small check dams of the masonry and earth types were constructed at their outlets. These structures did not have spill ways; therefore, all the bed and suspended loads were retained on their upstream for a duration of 10 years. The volume of sediment deposited in reservoirs was obtained, by surveying. The bulk density (BD) of each sediment mass upstream of the check dams was determined at the site and the volume was converted into using the individual BDs. The tonnage of sediment was also determined by the FMS model. The results indicated that the uncalibrated FMS model overestimated the eroded materials. The relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of the model was 0.246, which indicated a low level of the error of the model. Results of the calibrated FMS model indicated a 75% compliance of the model; therefore, we can accept the estimated results of this model as somewhat reliable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • empirical model
  • erodibility of basins
  • small dam
  • watershed
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