تعیین مهمترین عامل های مؤثر بر نفوذپذیری خاک تشکیل شده از سازندهای گچساران و آغاجاری در کاربری‌های مختلف

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه آبخیزداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

فرایند نفوذپذیری از مهمترین اجزاء چرخه‌ی آب‌شناسی خاک است. در اوایل میوسن، سازند گچساران و در اواخر میوسن تا پلیوسن سازند آغاجاری یک سطح وسیعی را در غرب و جنوب غرب ایران را پوشاند و که آن را برای بررسی فاکتورهای موثر در میزان نفوذپذیری بویژه در کاربری های مختلف بسیار مستعد می کند. در این پژوهش به منظور تعیین مهمترین عوامل موثر بر میزان نفوذپذیری کاربری های مختلف نهشته های سازند های گچساران و آغاجاری، بخشی از آبخیز مرغا و کوه گچ شهرستان ایذه به ترتیب با مساحت 1609 و 1202 هکتار انتخاب گردید. به منظور تعیین رابطه‌ی بین میزان نفوذ آب باریده با کاربرد باران‌ساز با برخی ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک مانند درصد ماسه خیلی ریز ، شن، رس، لای (سیلت)، اسیدیته، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، رطوبت، کربنات کلسیم و ماده آلی در کاربری های مختلف سازند های گچساران و آغاجاری انجام گرفت. سپس نمونه برداری میزان نفوذ در شش نقطه و با سه بار تکرار در سازند گچساران و هفت نقطه و با سه بار تکرار در سازند آغاجاری در شدت های مختلف بارش 0/75، 1 و 1/25 میلیمتر بر دقیقه در سه کاربری مرتع، منطقه‌ی مسکونی و اراضی کشاورزی با استفاده از دستگاه باران ساز کامفورست انجام شد. به منظور بررسی عوامل موثر بر نفوذپذیری، نمونه برداری از خاک در لایه‌ی 20–0 سانتی‌متری نیز به همان تعداد برداشت نفوذ صورت گرفت. مهمترین عوامل موثر بر میزان نفوذ به کمک وایازی چند متغیره شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میزان نفوذ در کاربری های مختلف دو سازند در شدت های مختلف، دارای اختلاف معنی داری با هم هستند. مدل های وایازی به دست آمده نشان دادند که در هر دو سازند مقادیر آهک، سیلت، ماسه خیلی ریز، شوری، اسیدیته خاک و ماده آلی بیشترین نقش مثبت را در میزان نفوذپذیری داشته اند و در مجموع در هر دو سازند مقدار آهک خاک بیشترین نقش مثبت را در میزان نفوذپذیری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining of The Most Important Factors in Infiltration Rates of the Soils formed on Gachsaran and Aghajari formations in Various Land Uses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamzeh Saeediyan 1
  • Hamid Reza Moradi 2
1 Research Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Watershed Management Department, Natural Resources Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

Infiltration is the most important process in soil hydrology. As the early Miocene Gachsaran Formation (GF), and the late Miocene to Pliocene Aghajari Formation (AJF) cover a substantial area in western and southwestern Iran, it is very desirable to investigate the effective factors that determine their infiltrability, particularly in different land uses. Therefore, two sub water-sheds of the Margha (AJF, 1609 ha) and the Gach Mountain (GF, 1202) in the vicinity of the City of Izeh, were selected. Infiltration rate (IR) was measured in seven plots on the AJF and in six plots on the GF, both with three replication (rangeland, farm field, residential areas). A comforts’ (?) rainfall simulator, which delivered the intensities of 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mm per minute was used on both formation. The 0-20 cm of soil was sampled at each plot on which the IR had been determined. Percentage of the very fine sand, sand, clay, silt, pH, EC, soil moisture, %CaCo3 and %OM were determined using common laboratory procedures.A multivariate regression was performed to identify the characteristics which affect the determined IR. It was observed that silt, very fine sand, EC, pH, %OM and %CaCo3 demonstrated the most important roles in the runoff production. However, the CaCo3 content of each formation had the highest positive role in the IR.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aghajari Formation
  • Gachsaran Formation
  • infiltration
  • land use
  • rain simulator
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