بررسی ارتباط خشک‌سالی‌های هواشناسی و آب‌شناختی در دشت هشتگرد

شیرازی, میترا; ناطقی, سعیده

doi:10.22092/wmej.2019.125908.1208

بررسی ارتباط خشک‌سالی‌های هواشناسی و آب‌شناختی در دشت هشتگرد

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دکترای بیابان‌زدایی دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد

² استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه‌ی تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/wmej.2019.125908.1208

چکیده

دشت هشتگرد از آبخیز ساوجبلاغ با اقلیم خشک و نیمه‌خشک یکی از دشت‌هایی است که برداشت آب زیرزمینی از آن در سال‌های اخیر افزایش چشم‌گیری یافته، به‌طوری‌که در 5 سال اخیر بیش از 5 متر افت داشته، و به‌نظر می‌رسد که نقش عامل‌های مدیریتی در این دشت مهم است. در این مقاله برای یافتن اثر بارندگی و شرایط اقلیمی بر نوسان‌های تراز آب زیرزمینی داده‌های بارندگی 6 ایستگاه باران‌سنجی و 21 چاه مشاهده‌یی در دوره‌ی داده‌برداری 1371 تا 1390 به‌کاربرده شد. دوره‌های متوالی خشک‌سالی هواشناسی و آب‌شناختی با دو شاخص بارش بمعیار (SPI) و شاخص بمعیار تراز ایست‌آبی آب زیرزمینی (SWI) در مقیاس‌های زمانی 6، 9، 12، 18، 24 و 48 تهیه شد. به دلیل این که توزیع مجموعه‌ی داده‌های بارندگی و تراز ایست‌آبی آب زیرزمینی بهنجار نیست، آزمون ناسنجه‌یی من–کندال برای تعیین‌کردن روند داده‌های هواشناسی و تراز ایست‌آبی به‌کاربرده، و نشان داده شد که روند شیب تراز آب زیرزمینی در همه‌ی ماه‌های دوره کاهشی بود. بررسی همبستگی بین این دو شاخص تأخیر زمانی 24 ماهه بین خشک‌سالی هواشناسی و آب‌شناختی را نشان داد. شاخص SPI6 نیز نشان داد که بیش‌ترین خشک‌سالی در دوره‌ی خشکی در نیمه‌ی دوم سال 1375 رخ داد. نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی خشک‌سالی با روش IDW در مقیاس زمانی 24 ماهه نشانگر روی‌دادن خشک‌سالی‌های شدید در جنوب حوزه است. در برخی جا‌ها در منطقه، بین خشک‌سالی اقلیمی و آب‌شناختی تأخیر زمانی دو ساله بود. آگاهی از این مسأله می‌تواند به مدیران و برنامه‌ریزان برای مدیریت‌کردن بهینه‌ی منابع آب کمک زیادی کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the Relationships Between the Meteorological and Hydrological Droughts in the Hashtgerd Plain

نویسندگان [English]

Mitra Shirazi ¹
Saeedeh Nateghi ²

¹ PhD of desertification control, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University

² Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The Hashtgerd Plain of the Savojbolagh Watershed with an arid and semi-arid climate is one of the plains that have experienced a significant increase in groundwater exploitation in recent years. Over the past five years, the water table has dropped more than 5 meters. Therefore, the role of management factors in this plain is important. To find the effects of rainfall and climatic conditions on the groundwater level fluctuations, rainfall data from 6 rain gauge stations and 21 piezometric wells during the 1991–2011 period were used. Meteorological and hydrological drought sequences were prepared by using the standard precipitation index (SPI) and the standard groundwater index (SWI) for six cumulative periods of these indices of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months. As the rainfall data series and groundwater level did not have a normal distribution, the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test was used to determine the trend of meteorological data and the water level, which showed that the slope of the groundwater level has been decreasing in all months of the period. Correlation analysis between the two indices indicates a 24-month lag between meteorological and hydrological droughts. According to the SPI6 index, the highest drought occurred during the dry season in the last quarter of of 1995 and fisrt qurter of 1996. In addition, drought zoning maps were prepared using the IDW method on a 24-months time scale, indicating severe droughts in the south of the basin. The results in some parts of the region show that there was a two-year lag between meteoroiogical and hydrological droughts. The perception of this phenomenon may help planners to manage the water resources efficiently.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Drought
Hashtgerd watershed plain
Mann-Kendall
SPI
SWI

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