ارزیابی تأثیر شیب بر فرسایش و جابه‌جایی رسوب برآوردشده با روش سزیم-137 در آبخیز معرف خامسان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار گروه آبخیزداری، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استادیار گروه فیزیک، دانشکده‌ی علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

تراز رسوب مفهوم و ابزاری ارزشمند برای توصیف‌کردن تولید، انتقال و ذخیره‌سازی رسوب در آبخیز است. برای بررسی تأثیر شیب بر تراز رسوب در آبخیز معرف خامسان در جنوب استان کردستان، نقشه‌ی توزیعی فرسایش و رسوب با سزیم-137 تهیه و با نقشه‌ی شیب هم‌پوشانی ‌داده شد. نتیجه‌ نشان داد که در 15 زیرحوزه با مساحت و شیب متوسط 185/39 هکتار و 31/83%، متوسط نسبت جابه‌جایی رسوب 28/43% بود، و با افزایش‌یافتن مساحت تا سطح کل حوزه (4098/66 هکتار، بی رخنمون‌های سنگی) با شیب متوسط 25/26 % به 12/63% کاهش یافت. این نتیجه بر تاثیر دشت میانی حوزه با شیب متوسط 10/27% بر تله‌اندازی رسوب و کاهش نسبت جابه‌جایی رسوب به اندازه‌ی 15/8% تأکید دارد. نتیجه‌ی مقایسه‌ی تراز رسوب در طبقه‌های شیب نشان داد که در کاربری‌های باغ، زراعت آبی و مرتع حفاظت شده، در همه‌ی شیب‌ها رسوب‌گذاری غالب است، در حالی‌که تقریبا کل فرسایش در کاربری زراعت دیم در شیب‌های 2 تا 20% و مرتع در شیب‌های بیش‌تر از 30% است. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود قبل از ساختن بندهای رسوب‌گیر، جابه‌جایی رسوب با تأکید بر عمل‌کرد نواحی کم‌شیب در جایگاه مخزن رسوب بررسی شود، و سپس اگر نیاز بود بندهای رسوب‌گیر آن‌هم در مکان‌هایی با بیشترین کارآیی ساخته شود. توصیه می‌شود از تبدیل‌کردن مرتع به دیم‌زار و شخم‌زدن در جهت شیب جلوگیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the Slop Gradient on the Estimated Erosion and Sediment Delivery Ratio by Using 137Cs in the Khamsan Representative Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Sedighi 1
  • Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan 2
  • Mohamad Reza Zare 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The sediment budget has been introduced as a valuable concept and tool for describing the production, transport and deposition of sediment in a watershed. In order to study the effect of slope on sediment budget, the distribution map of erosion and sedimentation of the Khamsan Representative Watershed, located in the south of the province of Kurdistan, was prepared using 137Cs and overlapping with the slope map. The results showed that 15 sub-watersheds with an average area of ​​185.39 ha and an average slope of 31.83% had a mean sediment delivery ratio of 28.43%. Increasing the area to the whole watershed (4098.66 ha without rocky outcrops) with an average slope of 25.26%, the ratio decreased to 12.63%. This finding emphasizes on the impact of internal plain with the average slope of 10.27% on sediment trapping and decrease of sediment delivery ratio by 15.8%. The results of comparing the sediment budgets in slope classes showed that an orchard, irrigated agriculture and rangeland treated with soil conservation activities, the sedimentation is a dominant condition in all the slope degrees, while almost all the erosion caused by rain fed agriculture with the slope gradient degrees of 2-20%, and the rangeland with the gradients slope of more than 30%. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the sediment delivery ratio with an emphasis on the performance of the low-slope areas as a sediment trap before applying the check dams, if necessary, and only in the most efficient places. Also prevent the conversion of rangeland to dryland and farming, also prevent plowing in the slope direction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cesium-137
  • rain fed agriculture
  • sediment budget
  • sediment delivery ratio
  • soil loss
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