تأثیر کاربرد مواد آلی بر برخی ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک در شرایط شور

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاوزی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاوزی، شیراز، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی دفتر امور اقتصادی، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شور و سدیمی‌شدن خاک از عامل‌های مهم تخریب زمین‌ به­ویژه در منطقه‌های خشک و نیمه­خشک است که اگر به آن توجه نشود منجر به فرسایش می‌شود و تهدیدی برای پایداری خاک در عرصه­های مختلف آبخیزها است. در این پژوهش، تأثیر کاربرد مواد آلی بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک در شرایط آبیاری با شوری‌های مختلف آب به‌روش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاٌ ‌تصادفی در سه تکرار به مدت یک سال بررسی شد. عامل­ها دو سطح شوری آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی 7 و 14 دسی­زیمنس بر متر، دو بافت خاک شنی-میانه‌بافت (لومی) و رسی-میانه‌بافت و چهار نوع ماده­ی آلی شامل ضایعات شیرین‌بیان، لیموترش، کود مرغی و کود گوسفندی بود. نتایج نشان داد که مواد آلی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر حفظ رطوبت و کاهش تبخیر از سطح خاک (01/0p <) و کاهش جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک (05/0p <) داشت. درصدرطوبت وزنی خاک با بافت شنی-میانه‌بافت در تیمارهای مواد آلی به‌ترتیب 25، 20، 15 و 15% نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. بین تیمارهای بررسی‌شده، کم‌ترین تبخیر از ستون خاک در تیمار شیرین­بیان بود (39/99 سانتی­متر) که نسبت به مقدار آن از سطح خاک در تیمارشاهد (43/26 سانتی‌متر)، 8% کاهش نشان داد (0/05p <، آزمون دانکن). نتیجه‌ها نشان‌دهنده‌ی تأثیر معنی­دار بافت خاک بر مقدار رطوبت در عمق ستون خاک بود (0/01p <). از آن‌جا که نقش تیمار شیرین‌بیان در کاهش‌دادن تبخیر از طح و حفظ رطوبت خاک برجسته­ بود، پیشنهاد می­شود بررسی­های تکمیلی برای بررسی امکان کاربرد این نتیجه‌ها در برنامه­های حفاظت آب و خاک، به‌ویژه در زمین شیب­دار انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Organic Matter Application on some Soil Physical Properties under Saline Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ali Mohammad Cheraghi 1
  • Mohammad Javad Rousta 2
  • Shahrokh Shajari 3
1 Assistant Prof. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Fars Province, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Prof. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Fars Province, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran
3 Assistant Prof. Office of Economic Affairs, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil salinization and sodification are important factors in soil degradation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which, if not considered, can lead to erosion that threatens soil stability in different regions of watersheds. Effects of organic matter application on some soil physical properties under irrigation with saline waters was investigated. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete randomized design with three replications for a period of one year. Treatments included two levels of irrigation water salinities of 7 and 14 dS/m, two soil textures, namely sandy loam and clay loam, and four sources of organic matters, namely licorice and lemon dregs and chicken and sheep manure. Results showed that organic matter had a significant effect on moisture retention and evaporation from the soil surface (P <0.01) and reduction of soil bulk density (p < 0.05). The percent moisture content of the loamy sandy soils treated with licorice and lemon dregs and chicken and sheep manure increased by 25, 20, 15 and 15%, respectively. The lowest evaporation from the soil columns occurred in licorice treatment amounting to 39.99 cm, which was 8% lower compared to evaporation from the control treatment (43.26 cm). This decrease was statistically significant at the 5% level with the Duncan's test. The results also showed a significant effect of soil texture on soil moisture content at lower depths (P <0.01). Regarding the prominent role of licorice treatment in reducing evaporation from the surface and maintaining soil moisture, further studies are suggested on the feasibility of applying the results in soil and water conservation programs, especially on sloping lands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaporation
  • licorice
  • manure
  • moisture content by weight

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 آبان 1398

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