تدوین راه‌کارهای مدیریت منابع در آبخیز گرگان‌رود با روی‌کرد پیش‌ران-فشار-وضعیت-اثر-پاسخ

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اصولی‌ترین گام در طرح‌های مدیریت آبخیز شناخت آسیب‌های آبخیز و بررسی دلیل آن‌ها، و نتیجه‎‌ی آن شناسایی راه‌کارهای اصلی مدیریتی است. بنابراین پیش از تدوین‌کردن برنامه‌‌های کاری، بررسی‌کردن ریشه‌یی آسیب‌ها و تعیین‌کردن راه‌کارهای مدیریت ضروری است. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی و تحلیل‌کردن آسیب‌های آبخیز گرگان‌رود برای تعیین‌کردن پاسخ‌های مدیریتی است. آسیب‌های آبخیز شناسایی و با چارچوب دپسیر (DPSIR) تحلیل علت‌ومعلولی شد، و مهم‌ترین راه‌کارهای مدیریتی تعیین شد. برای اولویت‌بندی‌کردن مؤلفه‌های دپسیر پرسش‌نامه­ی طیف لیکرت مبتنی بر دیدگاه خبرگان و آزمون فریدمن به‌کار گرفته شد. نتیجه‌ نشان داد که در آبخیز گرگان‌رود چهار نیروی محرک (تغییر اقلیم، رشد جمعیت، ساختار مدیریت، و قانون‌ها) باعث ایجادشدن 25 فشار بر منابع آبخیز شده‌است که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها بخشی‌نگری، گسترش کشاورزی نااصولی و بهره‌برداری مفرط از منابع آب است. فشارها به نوبه­ی خود باعث ایجادشدن 10 وضعیت نابسامان در آبخیز شده‌است، که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها کاهش منابع آب، افزایش سیل‌خیزی و افزایش فرسایش است. این وضعیت 13 پی‌آمد ناخواسته دارد، که افزایش‌یافتن خسارت سیل، رعایت‌نشدن حق‌آبه‌ی پایاب، و کاهش‌یافتن اعتماد مردم به دستگاه‌های دولتی مهم‌ترین آن‌ها است. برای بهبود دادن وضعیت‌، 28 پاسخ مدیریتی داده شد که مدیریت‌کردن جامع آبخیز، مبناکردن آمایش سرزمین، و تشکیل‎‌دادن ساختار سازمانی مناسب مهم‌ترین آن‌ها است. نتیجه‌ی کلی این که روی‌کرد دپسیر با تحلیل علت‌و‌معلولی، تامین‌کننده‌ی زیرساخت فکری مناسب و پیش‌نیاز ورود به تدوین برنامه‌ی کاری آبخیز است. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود دستگاه‌های اجرایی مرتبط پیش از تدوین‌کردن برنامه‌‌های کاری در هر آبخیز، پاسخ‌های مناسب را با به‌کارگیری این روی‌کرد شناسایی کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Developing Resources Management Responses in the Gorganroud Watershed Using the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) Software

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jamal Mosaffaie 1
  • Amin Salehpour jam 2
  • Mahmood Reza Tabatabaei 3
  • Mohammad Reza Kousari 1
1 Assistant Professor of Watershed Management, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Watershed Management, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Watershed Management, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute (SCWMRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Recognizing watershed problems and investigating the causes which arose them is the most fundamental step in watershed management plans, which results in identifying key management responses in each watershed. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly analyze the problems and determine management strategies before developing operational plans to solve them. The aim of this study was to analyze the environmental problems of the Gorganrood Basin to determine the main managerial responses. Identifying and analyzing the main environmental problems resulted in developing management responses for the region. To prioritize different components of the DPSIR, a Likert questionnaire filled with expert opinions and the Friedman test were used. The results indicated that four driving forces, namely climate change, population growth, management structure, and rules have caused 25 pressures on the Gorganrood Basin resources. The most important pressures were part-thinking organizations, incorrect agricultural expansion and excessive exploitation of water resources. These pressures, in turn, have caused 10 disturbed states, the most important of which are water resources depletion, flooding and soil erosion. These situations have 13 adverse impacts, the most important of which are flood damages, reduced downstream water rights and reduced public confidence in the government agencies. To improve the situation, 28 management responses were presented, of which the most important are integrated watershed management, land use planning and proper organizational structure. The overall result is that cause and effect analysis using the DPSIR framework provides an appropriate conceptual infrastructure, which is a prerequisite for developing the Basin's operational management plan. Therefore, it is suggested that executive organizations identify suitable responses by using this approach before developing operational plans for each watershed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cause and effect analysis
  • Likert scale
  • prioritizing the problems
  • sustainable basin management

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 دی 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 خرداد 1399

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