بررسی رابطه عامل‌های زمین‌ریختی با شکل های فرسایش آبی در بخشی از آبخیز حبله‌رود

جوکار سرهنگی, عیسی; یوسفی بلترک, ابوالفضل

doi:10.22092/wmej.2020.342138.1320

بررسی رابطه عامل‌های زمین‌ریختی با شکل های فرسایش آبی در بخشی از آبخیز حبله‌رود

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار گروه جغرافیا دانشگاه مازندران

² کارشناس ارشد آب‌زمین‌شناسی دانشگاه مازندران

10.22092/wmej.2020.342138.1320

چکیده

نوع فرسایش شدت آن را نیز نشان می‌دهد. آبخیز بررسی‌شده یکی از منطقه‌های مستعد دام‌پروری در استان سمنان است که با بهره‌گیری بیش‌ازحد و نامناسب از زمین در خطر پیدایش و پیشرفت شکل های مختلف فرسایش آبی است. بنابراین ضروری است که عامل‌های مؤثر بر تشدید شرایط فرسایش آبی در آن‌ها برای مدیریت و مهارکردن آن‌ها بررسی کرده شود. در این تحقیق رابطه عامل‌های مهم زمین‌ریختی با تغییر شکل های فرسایش آبی سطحی، شیاری، خندقی و زمین بدخیم (بدلند) در بخشی از آبخیز حبله‌رود به‌دست آورده شد. طبقه‌های مختلف جنس سنگ، شیب، جهت و ارتفاع با هر یک از شکل های فرسایش در منطقه ارتباط داده شد تا ایجادشدن انواع آن‌ها و شکل فرسایشی غالب در طبقه‌های هر یک از عامل‌ها مشخص کرده‌شود. با کمک‌گرفتن از پژوهش ارزیابی تخریب زمین در منطقه‌های خشک (LADA)، به شکل های فرسایش منطقه برحسب شدت و ضعف آن‌ها رتبه داده شد، و برپایه‌ی ماهیت داده‌ها و متغیرهای بررسی‌شده آزمون آماری کروسکال والیس به‌کار برده شد. نتیجه‌های به‌دست‌آمده بیانگر آن است که بیش‌ترین فراوانی شکل های پیشرفتهی فرسایش آبی یعنی فرسایش خندقی و بدخیم به‌ترتیب در سازندهای آهک‌رس و ‌گچ‌سنگ و نمک (8/4% و 15/8%)، بلندی‌های 1200-1000 متر (6/7% و 21/3%)، شیب‌های 20-10% (8/7% و 15%)، و جهت دامنه‌ی جنوبی (5/7% و 9/5%) است. نتیجه آزمون آماری برای جنس سنگ، شیب و جهت دامنه در تراز 0/01 و برای ارتفاع در تراز 0/05 معنی‌دار به‌دست آمد، که نشان می‌دهد شکل های فرسایش آبی در طبقه‌ی عامل‌های بررسی‌شده تفاوت مشخصی دارد. بنابراین می‌توان این عامل‌های زمین‌ریختی را برای ارزیابی‌کردن شکل های فرسایش آبی و شدت آن در منطقه‌های مشابه به‌کار برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Relationships between Geomorphology Factors with Types of Water Erosion on a sub-watershed of the Hablehrood Catchment

نویسندگان [English]

Eisa Jokar Sarhangi ¹
Abolfazl Yousefi ²

¹ Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Faculty of Humanity, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

² M.Sc. in Hydro geomorphology, Faculty of Humanity, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Forms of erosion demonstrate its intensity. The study area is one of the suitable rangelands for animal husbandries in the Province of Semnan, which is subjected to a plethora of water erosion forms due to an overuse of the land. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effective factors in an aggravation of water erosion conditions in this area to manage and control it. Erosion in arid and semi-arid regions is intense; therefore, it is necessary to take action to inhibit or reduce it. As the forms of erosion are identifiable, we tried to determine the relationships between geomorphologyand forms of water erosion, namely: sheet, rill, gully and badland in a sub-watershed of the Hablehroodcatchment. Different classes of lithology, slope, aspect and elevation were correlated with any of forms of erosion in the area to determine their variety in the development and dominant erosion on each of the classes and each factor. Using the guidelines of the Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA), the forms of erosion in terms of its intensity was ranked and was used according to the typology of the variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test was on. The results indicated that the highly developed forms of water erosion, gullies and badlands, marl, gypsum and salt formations (8.4 and 15.8%), an elevation of 1000-1200 meters, the slope of 10-20% (8.7 and 15%) and the southern aspects domain (5.7 and 9.5%) respectively. The result of Kruskal-Wallis test for the slope and aspect at 0.01 and elevation at 0.05, respectively, were found to be significant, which indicated that there were specified differences in the forms of water erosion at the specified classes of geomorphologyfactors of the area. Therefore, geomorphologyfactors may be used to assess forms of water erosion and its intensity in similar regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Forms of erosion
geomorphology
LADA
Hablehrood

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