تأثیر عامل های طبیعی و انسانی بر تغییر خطی و غیرخطی پوشش گیاهی با تصویرهای ماهواره یی در آبخیز خور- سفیدارک، استان البرز

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیز- آب، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 کارشناس ارشد توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

4 کارشناس‌ارشد مهندسی محیط زیست- آب و فاضلاب، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندرعباس

5 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

6 کارشناس مهندسی عمران- آب دانشکده فنی و مهندسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی روند تغییر خطی و غیرخطی پوشش گیاهی بر اثر عامل­ های اقلیمی (بارش، دما و خشک­سالی) و انسانی (اقدام‌های زیستی آبخیزداری) با تصویرهای ماهواره­ یی در بازه­ ی زمانی 20 سال (2000-2019) در آبخیز خور-سفیدارک استان البرز است. شاخص پوشش گیاهی، شاخص خشک­سالی و الگوریتم پلی‌ترند با استخراج دوره‌­های زمانی ماهانه به‌کاربرده شد. با کاربرد داده‌های اقلیمی و اطلاعات اقدام‌های آبخیزداری اجراشده، تأثیر عامل­ های طبیعی (دما، بارش و خشکسالی) و انسانی بر تغییر پوشش گیاهی ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که  در 20 سال گذشته تغییر در 35 % از پوشش گیاهی آبخیز معنی‌دار (92/6 % افزایشی و 7/4 % کاهشی)، و در 65 % آبخیز نا معنی‌دار بود. نتیجه‌ها نشان داد که 87/71 % از تغییر پوشش گیاهی منطقه از نوع خطی، و به‌ترتیب 6/62 % و 5/68 % از تغییر مانده غیرخطی درجه‌ی دو و سه بود. بررسی تأثیر دما و بارش بر پوشش گیاهی نشان داد که بارش منطقه روند معنی‌‌داری در دو دهه نداشت، اما روند دما کاهشی معنی‌دار بود. ارزیابی تأثیر خشک­سالی بر تغییر پوشش گیاهی نشان داد که بیش­ترین کاهش در پوشش گیاهی در سال 2008 اتفاق افتاد، که بر اثر خشک­سالی شدید اقلیمی بود. نتیجه این‌که هر چند تغییر پوشش گیاهی در درازمدت بر اثر عامل­ های اقلیمی نبود، تغییر کوتاه ­مدت روی‌دادهای جدی از جمله خشک­سالی، به‌روشنی تغییر پوشش گیاهی منطقه را توضیح می­ دهد. از طرف دیگر، نتایج نشان داد که اقدام‌های آبخیزداری باعث ایجاد تغییر با الگوی خطی، و تغییر و گسترش منطقه‌های مسکونی (عامل انسانی) باعث ایجاد الگوی غیرخطی در پوشش گیاهی شد. علت آن این است که اقدام‌های زیستی آبخیزداری به شکل خطی و تدریجی باعث افزایش و تقویت پوشش گیاهی منطقه شد، اما تغییر و گسترش زمین‌ منطقه‌های روستایی باعث کاهش غیرخطی (تغییر ناگهانی و نا تدریجی) پوشش گیاهی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Evaluation of the Effect of Natural and Human Factors on the Linear and Non-linear Changes in Vegetation Using the Landsat Images of the Khor-Sefidarak Watershed, the Province of Alborz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Kazemzadeh 1
  • Zahra Noori 1
  • Asghar Bayat 2
  • Salma Saedi Farkoush 3
  • Ali Asghar Elyasi 4
  • Hasan Alipour 5
  • Alireza Mansour Fallah 6
1 Ph.D. in Watershed Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Graduate of Master of Science in Watershed Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Graduate of Master of Science in Rural Development from Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University of Kermanshah
4 Graduate of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering - Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch
5 Graduate of Master of Science in Watershed Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
6 Graduate of Civil Engineering - Water, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch
چکیده [English]

The aim of current study was to study the trend of linear and non-linear changes in vegetation cover under the influences of climatic factors (rainfall, temperature and drought) and human activity (biological watershed management measures) using satellite images over a period of 20 years (2000-2019) on the Khor-Sefidarak Watershed, the Province of Alborz. Vegetation index (NDVI), drought index (SPI) and PolyTrend algorithm were used by extracting the monthly time series. Then, using climatic and implemented watershed management measures data for the basin, the impact of natural (temperature, precipitation and drought) and human factors on vegetation changes was assessed. The results indicated that 35% of the area had significant changes (92.6% increasing and 7.4% decreasing) in vegetation, and 65% of the area had insignificant changes during the last 20 years. The results also indicated that 87.71% of the vegetation changes in the region had experienced a linear type change and the remaining 6.62 and 5.68% haddemonstrated second and third degree nonlinear changes, respectively. Considering the effects of the two climatic variables on vegetation, precipitation did not show a significant trend over the two decades; however the temperature indicated a significant decreasing trend. Assessing the impact of drought on vegetation change, the largest decline in vegetative cover occurred in 2008, which was strongly influenced by severe climatic drought. Although the vegetation changes have not been affected by climatic factors in the long term, short-term changes in extreme events, including drought, strongly justify changes in the region's vegetation. On the other hand, the results indicated that the watershed management measures have caused changes with a linear pattern; however, the changes and expansion of the residential areas (as human factors) have caused a nonlinear pattern in vegetation. Thus the biological watershed management measures have increased and strengthened the vegetation of the region linearly; however, sudden and rapid changes in the rural areas have caused a non-linear decrease in vegetation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • natural and human factors
  • remote sensing
  • vegetation
  • watershed management measures

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 13 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 اسفند 1399

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