اثرگزاری سنجه های اقلیمی بر روند تغییر پوشش گیاهی با روی‌کرد تخریب سرزمین در بخش‌هایی از آبخیز خلیج فارس و دریای عمان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای بیابان زدایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان

4 استاد دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه والنسیا، اسپانیا

چکیده

تخریب سرزمین پدیده ­یی چندوجهی تأثیرگیرنده از متغیرهای گوناگون از جمله اقلیم، تغییر کاربری و فعالیت­های اجتماعی- انسانی است. برای بررسی اثر سنجه ­های اقلیمی بر وضعیت تخریب سرزمین در پنج ­آبخیز درجه‌ی دو (بلوچستان جنوبی، سدیج بندرعباس، کل- مهران، حله و مند) در آبخیز خلیج فارس و دریای عمان، داده ­های مشاهده ­یی 32 ایستگاه هم‌دید در ­آبخیز برای بازه ­ی زمانی 31 ساله (1367– 1398) به‌کار برده شد. برای تهیه ­ی نقشه­ ی سنجه ­های اقلیمی الگوریتم IDW، به‌کار برده شد. نتیجه‌های آشکارسازی نشان داد که تغییر طبقه ­ی دمایی 27/5 – 25 روند افزایشی (9/03 %) دارد و طبقه ­ی بارش کم­تر از 150 میلی ­متر در منطقه نیز با افزایش 17/3% روبه‌رو است. روند سنجه­ ی تبخیر به گونه­ یی بود که طبقه ­ی 2750-2500 و 3250-300 میلی­ متر با تغییر (5/4- ،8/3 %)  به ترتیب بیش­ترین اثر کاهشی و افزایشی را نشان داد. طبقه‌های سرعت باد کم­تر از 2 و 4-3 متر بر ثانیه با تغییر (5/7، 7/5-%) بیش­ترین روند افزایش و کاهشی را نشان داد. بر پایه‌ی یافته ­های تحلیل وایازی، رابطه­ ی معنی ­داری در تراز 0/05% بین متغیر اقلیمی (بارش، دما، تبخیر  و سرعت باد) و شاخص پوشش گیاهی  و شوری بود، و سنجه­ ی بارش بیش­ترین اثرگزاری را نشان داد. از آن‌جا که این چهار متغیر اقلیمی به ترتیب (40/5، 47/6%) از تغییر متغیر وابسته‌ی شاخص پوشش گیاهی و شوری را تبیین می­ کند، می ­توان نتیجه گرفت که بخشی از تغییر پوشش ­گیاهی و شوری از شرایط اقلیمی حاکم بر منطقه پی‌روی می­کند. از این رو پوشش گیاهی ضعیف منطقه و شوری در بازه­ ی زمانی بررسی‌شده دائما در نوسان است، و به­ دنبال آن فرآیند تخریب نیز روند افزایشی و کاهشی دارد. بنابراین با آگاهی از نحوه ­ی تأثیر سنجه­ های اقلیمی بر نوسان شاخص ­های پوشش ­گیاهی و شوری در دوره­ ی طولانی 31 ساله می ­توان پیش ­بینی لازم را برای مدیریت‌کردن بهینه­ ی عرصه ­های طبیعی، به‌خصوص در هنگام خشک­سالی اعمال نمود، و مرحله‌های توسعه‌ی تخریب­ سرزمین را در آبخیز ساحلی خلیج فارس و دریای ­عمان مهار کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of the Climatic Parameters on the Trend of Vegetative Land Cover Changes with Land Degradation Approach in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Ali Reza Hosseini 1
  • Hamid Gholami 2
  • Yahya Esmaeilpoor 3
  • Artemi Cerda 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Desert Management, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan
2 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan
4 Professor, Department of Geography, University of Valencia, Spain
چکیده [English]

Land degradation is a multifaceted phenomenon, which is caused by various variables, including climate, land use changes and socio-human activities. In order to investigate the effects of climatic parameters on land degradation in five second degree watersheds (South Baluchistan, Bandar Abbas - Sedij, Kal - Mehran, Hillah and Mond) located in the entire Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Watershed, observational data E32 of synoptic stations were used in the mentioned catchment areas for of 31- year period (1988-2019). The IDW algorithm was used to map the climatic parameters. The results of the change detection showed that the trend of temperature class changes of 25– 27.5 follows an increasing rate of 19.03%, and the precipitation class is less than 150 mm in the region. The region is also facing an increasing trend of 17.3%. The trend of the evaporation parameter is such that the 2500-2750 and 300-3250 mm classes with the changes of -5.4, 8.3 percent, respectively, have the most decreasing and increasing effects. Moreover, the wind speed classes of less than 2 and 3-4 meters per second with changes of 5.7 and -7.5 percent show the highest increase and decrease respectively, based on the findings of the regression model, there is a significant relationship at the 0.05% level between the climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, evaporation and wind speed) on one hands and the vegetation index and salinity and the precipitation parameter on the others show the greatest effect. Considering that the four mentioned climatic variables explain 47.6% and 40.5% of the changes in the dependent variable of vegetation index and salinity, respectively, it can be concluded that part of the changes in vegetation and salinity are due to the conditions. As the climate prevails in the region, the poor vegetation and salinity were constantly fluctuating during the study period; consequently, the process of degradation followed an increasing and decreasing rate. Therefore, being aware of the effects of climatic parameters on the fluctuation of vegetation and salinity indices in a long period of 31 years, it is possible to make the necessary predictions for the optimal management of natural resources, especially during droughts. This enables the concerned authorities to control the development stages of land degradation in the coastal catchment areas of ​​the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ​​Oman.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land degradation
  • precipitation
  • SAVI
  • SI1
  • temperature
  • watershed

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 اسفند 1399

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