نقش کاربری زمین و متغیرهای فیزیکی خاک در مقدار کربن آلی در عرصه‌های پخش سیلاب ایستگاه کوثر

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

به‌دلیل تأثیر ویژگی­ های خاک و نوع کاربری زمین بر مقدار ذخیره­ کربن در خاک و کاهش اثرهای منفی تغییر اقلیم، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی‌کردن تأثیر ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک و نوع کاربری زمین بر مقدار کربن آلی خاک در عرصه­ های پخش­ سیلاب دشت گربایگان فسا (ایستگاه کوثر) در سال 1399 انجام شد. کاربری های بررسی‌شده جنگل دست­ کاشت آکاسیا (Acacia salicina Lindl.)، جنگل دست­­ کاشت اوکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.)، مرتع دست کاشت آتریپلکس (Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) Wats.)، و مرتع طبیعی بود که همگی با پخش­ سیلاب آبیاری می­ شود. افزون­ بر­این، مرتع  بی‌پخش­ سیلاب تیمار شاهد گرفته شد. با نمونه ­برداری در سه تکرار از عمق 30-0 سانتی­ متری خاکِ کاربری­ های گوناگون (15 نمونه مرکب) درصدهای شن، لای، رس و رطوبت اشباع خاک، جرم­ مخصوص ­ظاهری و حقیقی، درصد تخلخل، نسبت پوکی و مقدار کربن آلی سنجیده شد. داده­ ها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی تحلیل آماری شد، و میانگین­ ها با آزمون دانکن در تراز 5% مقایسه شد. نتیجه‌ی تحلیل پراش داده­ ها نشان داد که از میان متغیر­های بررسی­ شده، تأثیر تیمار کاربری­ زمین بر درصد شن، لای، لای+رس، رطوبت­ اشباع، و تخلخل، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، و نسبت پوکی و کربن آلی در تراز 1%، و بر درصد رس در تراز 5% معنی­ دار شد. مقایسه میانگین کربن آلی در کاربری­ های گوناگون نشان داد که در جنگل اوکالیپتوس با 1/68 % بیش‌ترین، و در کاربری شاهد با 0/14 % کم­ترین است. تفاوت آماری درصد کربن آلی در کاربری آکاسیا با آتریپلکس و مرتع معنی­ دار نشد. برای دست‌یافتن به مدل روش وایازی گام‌به‌گام به‌کار برده‌شد. ویژگی ­های فیزیکی خاک و نوع کاربری متغیرهای مستقل، و مقدار کربن آلی متغیر وابسته گرفته شد. نتیجه نشان داد که لای 77/0 % از تغییر کربن آلی را توجیه می­ کند. بر پایه‌ی روش تجزیه به مؤلفه­ های اصلی، با در نظر گرفتن دو محور اول حدود 91/70 % از تغییر توجیه‌پذیر بود، به­ طوری که محور اول 69/71 % و محور دوم 22/91 % از تغییر را توجیه­ کرد. نوع کاربری 91/40 %، شن 84/30 %، و جرم مخصوص ظاهری 82/70 % با کربن آلی همبستگی منفی نشان داد، در حالی که رطوبت اشباع 90/30 %، لای+رس 84/80 %، تخلخل 80/70 %، نسبت پوکی 79/10 %، لای 78/50 %، و رس 78/50 % با کربن آلی خاک همبستگی مثبت نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Land Use and Physical Properties on Soil Organic Carbon in the Flood Spreading Fields of Kowsar Station

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Rousta 1
  • Mojtaba Pakparvar 2
  • Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour 2
  • Maryam Enayati 3
1 Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
3 M.Sc., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil properties and land use affect the soil carbon content and reduce the adverse effects of climate change. This study aims to assess the effect of some physical properties of soil and land use on the amount of soil organic carbon content (SOC) and model development to estimate the amount of SOC. This investigation was carried out in 2020 in the areas of flood spreading in of Fasa (Kowsar station). Land uses included acacia (Acacia salicina Lindl.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), atriplex (Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) Wats.) plantation, and natural rangeland, all of which are irrigated by flood spreading. By sampling in three replications of the soil of different land uses from the depth of 0-30 cm (15 composite samples), percentage of sand, silt, clay, silt+clay, percentage of soil saturation moisture (SP), bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), porosity percentage (PS), void ratio (VR) and SOC were determined. Obtained data were statistically analyzed in a complete randomized design and the means were compared with the Duncan test at P<0.05. The analysis of variance showed that the effect of land use (PT) on the percentage of sand, silt, silt + clay, SP, BD, PS, VR, and SOC has been significant at P<0.01, and the clay, at P<0.05. Comparison of the means of SOC in different land uses showed that the Eucalyptus forest, with 1.68%, has the highest value and the control with 0.14% organic carbon has the lowest value. There was no statistically significant difference between the SOC in Acacia forest, Atriplex, and rangeland. Stepwise regression analysis was used to present the model. Soil physical properties and land use were considered as independent variables and SOC was considered as a dependent variable. The results showed that the variable of silt explains 77.00% of the changes in organic carbon. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method, according to the specific values, considering the first two axes, about 91.70% of the changes can be explained. Considering the first axis, 69.71% and considering the second axis, 21.99% of the changes are justifiable. The PT, with 91.40%, sand with 84.30%, BD, 82.70%, showed a negative correlation with SOC. While the SP had 90.30%, percentage of clay+silt had 84.80%, PS, 80.70%, VR, 79.10%, silt, 78.50%, clay, 78.50%, had a positive correlation with SOC.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbon stock model
  • flood spreading
  • Kowsar Station
  • organic carbon
  • soil physical properties

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 شهریور 1400

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