روش‌های نوین در پژوهش‌های خاک‌شناسی آبخیز‌های زوجی با روی‌کرد به‌روزرسانی شرح خدمات در آبخیز‌های زوجی دهگین هرمزگان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکترا، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 کارشناس، شرکت مهندسین مشاور نوآوران علوم مکانی، تهران، ایران

5 استاد بخش مهندسی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشکده ی کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهم­ترین چالش ­های زیست‌محیطی در جهان فرسایش خاک است که دشواری‌های پرشمار اقتصادی و نبود توسعه‌ی پایدار را به‌دنبال دارد. هدف از این پژوهش به‌کاربردن روش‌های نوین در پژوهش‌های خاک‌شناسی با روی‌کرد به­ روزرسانی شرح خدمات در زیرحوزه‌­های زوجی دهگین بود. برای انتخاب جا‌های نمونه‌برداری از خاک و خاک‌رخ‌‌ها روش ابر مکعب لاتین مشروط، با اطلاعات محیطی کمکی (مدل رقومی بلندی) برگرفته از نقشه ­برداری هوایی با پهپاد فانتوم4پرو و مولتی‌روتر به‌کار برده‌شد. نتیجه‌ نشان داد که 2 نوع‌ اصلی زمین شامل تپه و فلات‏ و پادگانه ‏های بالایی در این جا هست. تکامل خاک‌رخ در منطقه بیش‌تر در تاثیر از پستی‌بلندی است، و خاک‌های واحد تپه ارتباطی مستقیم با جنس مواد مادری و شیب دارد. پایداری خاک‌دانه در مرتع‌های درخت‌دار و منطقه‌های بافت لومی‌سیلتی ‌بیش‌تر بود، زیرا متغیرهای کمکی از ویژگی­های مهم و تاثیرگزار در نقشه‌ی پایداری خاک‌دانه است. برای مرحله‌ی ارزیابی نقشه اندازه‌های RMSE و R2 به‌ترتیب 0/32 و 0/26 بود. ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و نیتروژن خاک در هر دو زیرحوزه‌ی شاهد و نمونه کم‌ بود، و بیشینه‌ی اندازه‌های کربن آلی خاک در زیرحوزه‌ی نمونه بیش‌تر از زیرحوزه‌ی شاهد بود. کاربرد روش‌های نوین مانند کاربرد پهپاد در تصویربرداری و روش‌های دقیق نمونه‌برداری با متغیرهای محیطی در نقشه‌برداری رقومی خاک به کاهش تعداد نمونه‌ی خاک و افزایش دقت نقشه‌های خروجی منجر می‌شود و نتیجه‌ی دقیق‌تری از برآورد اندازه‌ی فرسایش می­ دهد، که در مقایسه با روش‌های پیشین‌ در زمان و هزینه صرفه­جویی می­شود. بنابراین کاربرد این روش‌ها در حوزه‌های هم‌سان با شرایط طبیعی و اقلیمی منطقه‌ی پژوهش توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

New Methods in Soil Science Studies in Paired Watersheds with an Approach to Updating Service Description in Paired Watersheds of Dehgin, Hormozgan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sedigheh Maleki 1
  • Khadijeh Khermandar 2
  • Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh 3
  • Abbas Goli Jirandeh 4
  • Aiding Kornejadi 4
  • Hamid Reza Pourghasemi 5
1 Postdoc researcher, Dept. of Soil Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Arid Zone Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Arid Zone Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Spatial Sciences Innovators Consulting Engineering Company, Tehran, Iran
5 Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most critical environmental problems globally is soil erosion, which leads to several problems in the field of economy and sustainable development. This study aims to use new methods in soil science studies of the paired sub-catchments to update service descriptions in Dehgin, Hormozgan Province. For this purpose, to select sampling sites of pedons and soil samples, the conditional Latin Hypercube sampling (cLHS) method was used using environmental covariates (digital elevation model), which derivate from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), phantom4 pro, and multirotor. The results showed two main land types in the study area, including hills, plateaus, and high terraces. Soil development in the region is mainly influenced by elevation, and the soils of the hill lands are directly related to the type of parent material and slope percentage. In the areas containing wooded pasture and areas with silt loam texture class, the aggregate stability values are higher, which are auxiliary covariates essential and influential parameters in the aggregate stability map. The RMSE and R2 values are 0.32 and 0.26, respectively, for the evaluation map criteria. The values of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and nitrogen in both control and sample sub-catchments are small and the maximum amounts of soil organic carbon in the sample sub-catchment are higher than in the control sub-catchment. The use of new methods including UAV, accurate sampling methods using high-resolution environmental covariates, and digital soil mapping can reduce the number of soil samples, increase the accuracy of output maps, and provide more accurate erosion estimation results, which has reduced time and cost compared to the old methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Latin hypercube sampling
  • pedons
  • photogrametry
  • soil erosion
  • unmanned aerial vehicles

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