ارزیابی سازه های آبخیزداری در ترسیب رسوب‌ آبخیزهای خور–سفیدارک، فشند و عظیمیه، استان البرز

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته‌ی دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکده ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده ی منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

4 دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد توسعه ی روستایی، دانشکده ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی‌کردن اثربخشی اقدام‌های آبخیزداری با اندازه‌های کَمّی به‌دست‌آمده از پژوهش‌های میدانی در آبخیزهای خور–سفیدارک، فشند و عظیمیه، و دادن نتیجه‌ی روشنی از اندازه‌ی رسوب مهارشده و تقویت پوشش گیاهی آبگیرهای پشت سازه ­ها است. ارزیابی میدانی سازه ­های آبخیزداری نشان داد که از دهه‌ی 1370 به‌بعد در مجموع 652 سازه‌ی تور-سنگی، 20 سازه‌ی سنگی-­ملاتی، 533 سازه‌ی خشکه­ چین، و 15 بندخاکی ساخته شده است. سازه ­های سنگی­ملاتی بیش‌ترین پایداری و کم‌ترین نیاز به بازسازی (92%) داشت. 80% از سازه ­های تور-سنگی و 83% از سازه ­های خشکه­ چین در این آبخیزها سالم بود. بررسی رسوب‌گذاری در آبگیرهای پشت سازه ­های آبخیزداری در منطقه نشان داد که در مجموع 332100 مترمکعب رسوب در سازه ­ها ته‌نشین و تثبیت، و از برده‌شدن آن به منطقه‌های مسکونی روستایی و شهری جلوگیری شده‌است. از این اندازه‌ 45960 مترمکعب در بندهای خاکی و 286140 مترمکعب در سازه های سنگی ملاتی، تور-سنگی و خشکه­ چین ته‌نشین شده‌است. شاخص حجم رسوب به حجم سازه در سازه ­های تور-سنگی، سنگی ملاتی، و خشکه ­چین به‌ترتیب 4/4، 15/3 و 1 بود. ارزیابی بخش توسعه­ ی پوشش گیاهی و درختی آبگیرهای پشت سازه ­های آبخیزداری نشان داد که در آبگیرهای پشت سازه ­های تور-سنگی 4880 نهال (97% از کل نهال­ های پشت سازه ­ها) رشد کرد و گسترش یافت. پیشنهاد می­ شود سازه­ های تور-سنگی برای جلوگیری از تخریب‌شدن در بسترهای غیرسنگی و با روکش سنگی­ ملاتی ساخته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Watershed Management Structures in Sediment Deposition in Khor-Sefidarak, Fashand and Azimiyeh Watersheds of Alborz Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Kazemzadeh 1
  • Zahra Noori 1
  • Mohammad Jahantigh 2
  • Asghar Bayat 3
  • Salma Saedi Farkoush 4
1 Graduate of Ph.D. in Watershed Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Graduate of Master of Science in soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran
3 Graduate of Master of Science in Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
4 Graduate of Master of Science in Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University of Kermanshah
چکیده [English]

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the watershed management operations by using the quantitative values obtained from the field survey in Khor-Sefidarak, Fashand, and Azimiyeh watersheds, and indicating a clear result of deposited sedimentation rate and vegetation improvement in reservoir tank of the structures. Field evaluation of watershed management structures showed that since 1991, a total of 652 gabion structures, 20 masonry structures, 533 small stone structures, and 15 embankment dams have been implemented in Khor-Sefidarak, Fashand, and Azimiyeh watersheds of Alborz province. A study of the stability of the structures showed that masonry structures had the most stability with the least need for restoration (92% of them). Also, 80% of gabion structures and 83% of small stone structures in the studied watersheds were stable. The study of sediment deposition in reservoirs tanks of structures in the study area showed that a total of 332,100 m3 of sediment has been deposited and stabilized by the structures and has prevented its transferring to rural and urban residential areas. Of this amount, 45960 m3 have been deposited by embankment dams and 286140 m3 by masonry structures, gabion and small stone structures. Sediment volume to structure volume index showed that it was 4.4, 15.3, and 1 for gabion, masonry, and small stone structures, respectively. Evaluation of vegetation and tree cover development of whining reservoirs tanks of watershed structures showed that 4880 trees and seedlings (97% of all them) have been grown and developed in the reservoirs of gabion structures. If the gabion structures are constructed, it is suggested that they be constructed in non-stone beds, and cement cover be used to prevent their destruction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alborz
  • gabion structure
  • masonry structure
  • small stone structure
  • watershed management

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 اسفند 1400

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