ارزیابی دامنه ی نفوذ آب شور دریاچه ی مهارلو به آبخوان ساحلی با ویژگی‌های آب‌شیمیایی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دستیار پژوهشی آزمایشگاه مرکزی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شیراز

3 استاد بخش علوم زمین، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

مدیریت اندوخته‌های آب شیرین در سفره‌های ساحلی دریاچه­ های شور نیازمند درک پویایی سامانه‌ی جریان و تکامل زمین‌شیمیایی است. تکامل آب‌زمین‌شیمیایی شوری آبِ سفره ­های ساحلی در تاثیر پدیده­ های نفوذ آب شور دریاچه، یا ورود مستقیم آب شور به آن بسیار پیچیده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی دامنه‌ی نفوذ و ورود آب شور دریاچه‌ی مهارلو به سفره‌ی ساحلی آبخوان مهارلو با سنجه‌های آب‌شیمیایی، و بررسی تکامل آب‌شیمیایی آب‌های زیرزمینی آن است. اطلاعات افت‌وخیز سطح ایست‌آبی و دگرگونی‌های (تغییرات) مکانی، ژرفایی و زمانی ترکیب شیمیایی و شوری آب زیرزمینی سفره، و روش­ های گوناگونی از جمله بررسی نقشه­ های سطح ایست‌آبی و شوری، نمودار تکامل آب‌شیمیایی آب، نمودار استیف و نسبت یون کلرید به برومید به‌کار برده شد. برپایه‌ی نتیجه‌ی به‌دست‌آمده در دوره‌ی پژوهش (بهمن 1397 تا بهمن 1398) بلندی سطح ایست‌آبی در منطقه‌ی وسیعی از آبخوان پایین‌تر از بلندی کف دریاچه است، که باعث شده است در شیب معکوس آبی، آب شور دریاچه مستقیمانه وارد آبخوان شود. از این رو، علاوه بر پدیده‌ی معمول نفوذ آب شور به دلیل اختلاف چگالی و غلظت، شوری آبخوان به‌شدت از ورود مستقیم آب شور اثر می‌گیرد. آبخوان از نظر شوری و تأثیر آب دریاچه بر شوری آن به سه پهنه تقسیم شد: منطقه‌ی اول از حاشیه‌ی دریاچه تا فاصله‌ی بیشینه‌ی 1000 متر که کاملاً در تأثیر ورود آب شور دریاچه است، منطقه‌ی دوم (میانی) از 1000 متری تا حدود 1500 متر که در تأثیر هر دو پدیده‌ی نفوذ آب و ورود آب شور دریاچه است، و منطقه‌ی سوم از 1500 متر تا حدود 2200 متر در دامنه‌ی مرز کارستی جنوبی که منطقه‌ی تغذیه‌ی آبرفتی آبخوان است، و کیفیت آب آن برای کشاورزی بسیار مناسب است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Intrusion Extent of Maharlu Lake Saline Water into the Maharlu Coastal Aquifer Using Hydrochemical Parameters

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahideh Sheykhi 1
  • Kamran Zare 2
  • Mohammad Zare 3
1 Research Assistant, Central Laboratory, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The management of freshwater resources in the coastal aquifers of salt lakes requires understanding the dynamics of the flow system, geochemical evolution, etc. The salinity of coastal aquifers is mainly due to direct saltwater intrusion, or is associated with complex geochemical interaction of lake and Ground water. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of intrusion and entry of saline water of Maharlu Lake into the coastal aquifer of the Maharlu aquifer, employing hydrochemical parameters and delineating the chemical evolution of its groundwater. The information used in this study includes the water level fluctuations and spatial, depth, and temporal changes in water salinity, and the chemical composition of the aquifer groundwater. For this purpose, several methods including water table maps and salinity changes, diagram of hydrochemical evolution of water, Stiff diagram, and chloride to bromide ions ratio have been used. According to the results obtained in the whole study period (February 1997 to February 1998), the water table elevation of a large area of the aquifer is lower than the elevation of the lake floor and, therefore, the Lake saline water flows into the aquifer under the reverse hydraulic gradient. Hence, in addition to the normal phenomenon of saline water intrusion, which occurs due to density gradients, aquifer salinization is also strongly influenced by the entry of saline water under the influence of hydraulic gradients. Based on the results of this study, the aquifer in terms of salinity and the effect of the Lake water on its salinity is subdivided into three zones, including; an area that starts from the lake margin up to a maximum distance of 1000 meters, which is completely affected by the entry of saline lake water, an area starts from 1000 meters to about 1500 meters as a middle area affected by both phenomena and the area from 1500 meters to about 2200 meters, located in the foothills of the southern karst boundary,  the alluvial feeding area of the aquifer, which it's water quality is relatively suitable for agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Density gradient
  • geochemical evolution
  • salt water intrusion
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