برهم کنش پخش‌سیلاب و نوع پوشش گیاهی بر بعضی شاخص های زیستی خاک در دشت گربایگان فسا (ایستگاه کوثر)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس‌پژوهش (دکترای منابع‌طبیعی)، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار بخش تحقیقات منابع‌طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

5 کارشناس‌ارشد بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف
یکی از شناخته شده ­ترین شاخص­ های کیفیت و سلامت خاک فعالیت­ های زیست‌شیمی (بیوشیمی) خاک است که در ارزیابی اثر گونه­ های جنگل­ کاری شده بر ویژگی­ های خاک مورد توجه قرار می ­گیرند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر بلندمدت اقدام‌های پخش‌سیلاب و نوع پوشش­ گیاهی بر فعالیت آنزیم ­های فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی، اوره­آز و دهیدروژناز و فعالیت میکروبی خاک شامل تنفس پایه و تنفس برانگیخته در سال 1399 انجام شد.
مواد و روش ­ها
نمونه­ برداری از خاک اطراف ریشه‌ی درختان آکاسیا (Acacia salicina Lindl)، اوکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) و بوته­ های مرتعی آتریپلکس (Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) Wats.)، در دو وضعیت با پخش‌سیلاب و بدون پخش‌سیلاب از عمق 20-0 سانتی­ متر با 6 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل­ های آماری با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری بلوک­ های­ کامل ­تصادفی انجام شد و مقایسه‌ی میانگین­ ها با آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد صورت گرفت.
نتایج و بحث
نتایج نشان داد تأثیر برهم­کنش پخش‌سیلاب و نوع پوشش­ گیاهی بر فعالیت آنزیم ­های فسفاتاز اسیدی، فسفاتاز قلیایی، اوره­آز، دهیدروژناز، تنفس برانگیخته و کربن‌آلی در سطح یک درصد معنی­ دار است. فعالیت آنزیم­ های فسفاتاز اسیدی و فسفاتاز قلیایی در خاک زیرپوشش گونه‌های درختی آکاسیا و اوکالیپتوس به ­ویژه در وضعیت پخش‌سیلاب، بیشتر از فعالیت این آنزیم ­ها در خاک زیرپوشش گونه‌ی بوته ­ای آتریپلکس بود. فعالیت آنزیم­ اوره­آز، در خاک زیر­پوشش آتریپلکس دست ­کاشت با پخش‌سیلاب، بیش‌ترین اندازه‌ی و در خاک زیر­پوشش آتریپلکس بدون پخش‌سیلاب، کم‌ترین اندازه‌ی را نشان داد و این تفاوت­ از نظر آماری با آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد معنی ­دار بود. فعالیت آنزیم­ دهیدروژناز، در خاک زیر­پوشش آتریپلکس دست­ کاشت با پخش‌سیلاب، بیش‌ترین اندازه‌ی و در خاک زیر­پوشش آتریپلکس بدون پخش‌سیلاب، کم‌ترین اندازه‌ی را نشان داد و این تفاوت­ از نظر آماری با آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد معنی ­دار بود. اندازه‌ی فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز در خاک زیرپوشش هر سه گونه‌ی گیاهی آتریپلکس، آکاسیا و  اوکالیپتوس دست­ کاشت در شرایط پخش‌سیلاب از نظر آماری با آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد تفاوتی نشان ندادند. اندازه‌ی تنفس ­پایه در خاک زیرپوشش جنگل دست­ کاشت آکاسیا، اوکالیپتوس و آتریپلکس در شرایط پخش‌سیلاب، بیش‌تر از وضعیت بدون پخش‌سیلاب بود، هرچند این تفاوت در دو وضعیت بررسی‌شده از نظر آماری با آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد معنی­ دار نبود. در شرایط پخش‌سیلاب اندازه‌ی تنفس ­برانگیخته در خاک زیرپوشش آتریپلکس بیش‌تر از اوکالیپتوس بود ولی از نظر آماری با اندازه‌ی تنفس ­برانگیخته در خاک زیرپوشش آکاسیا با پخش‌سیلاب و بدون پخش‌سیلاب تفاوتی نداشت. بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین اندازه‌ی تنفس ­برانگیخته، به ­ترتیب در خاک زیر­پوشش گونه‌ی آکاسیا و اوکالیپتوس در وضعیت بدون پخش‌سیلاب مشاهده ‌شد و این تفاوت­ ها، از نظر آماری با آزمون توکی در سطح پنج درصد معنی ­دار بودند.
نتیجه­ گیری و پیشنهادها
نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم­ های خاک می­ تواند به‌طور بالقوه اندازه‌ی کمبود عناصر ­غذایی را پیش ­بینی کند. علاوه­ بر­این، جنگل‌کاری در مناطق خشک، باعث بهبود شاخص ­های کیفیت خاک می­ شود. با توجه به نقش مهم موادآلی در بهبود شاخص­ های زیستی، کیفیت و سلامت خاک، و برای افزایش اندازه‌ی موادآلی خاک، احیای مراتع سیلابی با پوشش­ های درختی و بوته ­ای بومی و سازگار، مدیریت چرا و افزایش دوره­ های قرق پیشنهاد می ­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interactions between Flood Spreading and Vegetation Type on Some Biological Indices of Soil in the Gareh-Bygone Plain of Fasa (Kowsar Station)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Rousta 1
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 2
  • Elham Nouri 3
  • Mehrdad Zarafshar 4
  • Maryam Enayati 5
1 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
3 Research Expert (Ph.D., of Natural Resources), Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Natural Resources Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
5 M.Sc., Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction and Objectives
Biochemical activities of soil have been proposed as one of the most well-known indicators of soil quality and health, which are considered in evaluating the effect of afforested species on soil characteristics. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the long-term effect of flood spreading operation and type of vegetation on the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase enzymes and soil microbial activity, including basal respiration and stimulated respiration, in 2019.
Materials and Methods
Sampling the soil around the roots of Acacia salicina Lindl., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) Wats. (0-20 cm depth) was carried out with 6 treatments in three replications. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS software as a factorial test in the form of a randomized complete block design and the means were compared with Tukey test at P<0.05.
Results and Discussions
The results showed that the interaction between flood spreading and vegetation type on the activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase, stimulated respiration and organic carbon was significant at P<0.01. The activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the soil under cover of Acacia and Eucalyptus plantations was higher than the activity of these enzymes in the soil under cover of Atriplex, especially in the situation with flood spreading. The activity of urease enzyme showed the highest value in the soil under the Atriplex with flood spreading and the lowest value in the soil under the Atriplex without flood spreading, and this difference is statistically significant with Tukey's level test at P<0.05. The activity of dehydrogenase enzyme showed the highest value in the soil under the Atriplex with flood spreading and the lowest value in the soil under the Atriplex without flood spreading, and this difference is statistically significant with Tukey's test at P<0.05. Dehydrogenase activity in the soil of Atriplex with flood spreading compared to the activity of this enzyme in the soil of Acacia with flood spreading and also the activity of dehydrogenase in the soil of Acacia and Eucalyptus in the situation with flood spreading, statistically with the test Tukey did not show a difference at P<0.05. In the conditions of flood spreading, the basic respiration rate in the understory soil of Acacia, Eucalyptus and Atriplex was higher than the basic respiration in the soil under the cover of these plants without flood spreading, although the difference in the basic respiration in the two situations with flood spreading and without flooding were not statistically significant at P<0.05. The amount of stimulated respiration in the soil of Atriplex with flood spreading was higher compared to the amount of stimulated respiration in the soil of Eucalyptus with flood spreading, but it was not statistically different from the amount of stimulated respiration in the soil of Acacia with flood spreading and Acacia without flood spreading. The highest and lowest amount of stimulated respiration was observed in the soil under the cover of Acacia and Eucalyptus, respectively, in the condition without flood spreading, and these differences were statistically significant at P<0.05.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The results of this study showed that the activity of soil enzymes can potentially predict the amount of nutrient deficiency. In addition, afforestation in arid areas, improves soil quality indices. Considering the important role of organic matter in improving the biological properties, quality and health of the soil, in order to increase the amount of organic matter in the soil, rehabilitating flooded rangelands with native and compatible trees and bushes, managing grazing and increasing non-grazing periods are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological indices
  • flood spreading
  • Gareh Bygone plain of Fasa
  • vegetation

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 شهریور 1401

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