تأثیر اقدام‌های آبخیزداری بر متغیرهای آب‌شناختی با استفاده از مدلSWAT در آبخیز کن

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

10.22092/wmrj.2023.362356.1542

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف
در کشور اجرای اقدام‌های آبخیزداری، ارزیابی و بررسی تأثیرات فعالیت­ های انجام‌شده‌ی این طرح­ ها بر فرآیندهای حاکم بر آبخیز، ضروری است. حال آن که اساساً ارزیابی عملکرد اقدام‌های آبخیزداری به اندازه‌ی کافی در کشور انجام‌نشده است.
مواد و روش‌ها
این پژوهش در استان تهران در آبخیز کن با هدف شبیه‌سازی تأثیر اقدام‌های آبخیزداری بر متغیرهای آب‌شناختی، با استفاده از مدل SWAT انجام شد. از این رو، ابتدا اجرای اولیه مدل انجام شد و سپس واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی شد. در این پژوهش برای بهره‌گیری از دستورالعمل‌ها و توابع گوناگون هدف و نیز برای واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل از نرم­افزارSWAT-CUP  استفاده شد. به‌منظور تعیین و مقایسه‌ی شرایط شبیه ­سازی با شرایط حاکم بر آبخیز از معیارهای ارزیابی مانند ضریب تبیین و ضریب کارآیی استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث
نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کارایی مدل SWAT برای شبیه‌سازی آب‌شناختی آبخیز مطالعه‌‍‌شده قابل قبول بود. بنابراین مقدار ضریب تبیین در مرحله‌ی واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی به ­ترتیب 0/69 و 0/86 بود. هم­چنین، مقدار شاخص نش-ساتکلیف در مرحله‌ی واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی به­ ترتیب 0/85 و 0/93 به‌دست آمد. سپس اقدام‌های آبخیزداری در سطح آبخیز مطالعه‌شده شبیه‌سازی شد. نتایج این شبیه‌سازی نشان داد که رواناب سطحی در عملیات آبخیزداری به­‌شکل بند توری‌سنگی، سنگی ملاتی، بانکت‌بندی و خشکه‌چین به ­ترتیب 25، 23، 21 و 11%  کاهش یافت. همچنین، اندازه‌ی آب در دسترس در عملیات آبخیزداری به­‌شکل بند توری‌سنگی، سنگی ملاتی، بانکت‌بندی و خشکه‌چین به­ ترتیب در مقایسه با شرایط اجرا نشدن این عملیات‌ها در سطح آبخیز 19، 21/3، 20/5 و 10/75 % بیشتر بود. بیش­ترین اندازه‌ی تغییر جریان جانبی نیز در شرایط اجرای عملیات سنگی ملاتی بود. هم­چنین اندازه‌ی تبخیر و تعرق با اجرای عملیات آبخیزداری بند توری‌سنگی، سنگی ملاتی، بانکت‌بندی و خشکه‌چین به ­ترتیب 20/19، 20/86، 19 و 10/87% افزایش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادها
بر پایه‌ی نتایج این پژوهش در آبخیز کن می‌توان با اجرای اقدام‌های آبخیزداری مزبور، برنامه‌های مدیریتی و زیستی احتمال رخداد سیل و خسارت‌های ناشی از آن را تا حد زیادی کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Watershed Practices on Hydrological Variables using SWAT Model in Kan Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Ghavimipanah 1
  • Leila Gholami 2
  • Ataollah Kavian 3
  • Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction and Goal
The implementation of watershed management practices in the country and the evaluation the conducted activities and effects investigation of these projects are essential on the governing processes at watershed. However, such an important approach has to be adequately considered.
Materials and Methods
Accordingly, the present study was planned with the simulation aim of the impact of watershed management practices on hydrological parameters using the SWAT model in the Kan Watershed in Tehran Province, Iran. Therefore, the first of the initial implementation of the model was carried out, and then it was calibrated and validated. In this research, SWAT-CUP software was used to usage of various instructions and objective functions and also to test and the model calibration and validation. In order to determination and comparison of the simulation conditions with the governing conditions on watershed applied the evaluation criteria such as the coefficient of explanation and the coefficient of efficiency.
Results and Discussion
The research results showed that the model efficiency was acceptable for the hydrological simulation of the studied watershed. So, the explanation coefficient for calibration and validation was with rates of 0.69 and 0.86 respectively. Also, the Nash-Sutcliffe index for the calibration and validation obtained with rates of 0.85 and 0.93, respectively. Then, watershed management practices simulated at the level of studied watershed. The simulated results showed that the surface runoff decreased with the practices of watershed management in the form of gabion, masonry check dam, counter trench and loose- stone check dam with the values of 25, 23, 21, and 11 percent, respectively. Also, the available water was more after the practices of watershed management in the form of gabion, masonry check dam, counter trench and loose- stone check dam with rates of 19.0, 21.3, 20.5 and 10.75 percent, respectively, compared to the absence conditions of these practices at the watershed level. Also, the maximum amount of flow changes observed in the practices conditions of masonry check dams. In addition, the evapotranspiration increased with implementation of gabion. masonry check dams, counter trench and loose- stone check dams with rates of 20.19, 20.86, 19.0 and 10.87 percent, respectively.
Conclusion and Suggestions
Based on the results of this research in the Kan watershed, the flood possibility and the flood damages can be reduced by practices of the watershed management, management and biological programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Watershed Practices
  • Hydrologic Simulation
  • Soil Erosion
  • Soil and Water Assessment Tool
  • Hydrological Model

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 شهریور 1402

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