بررسی تغییرات زمانی سطح دریاچۀ مهارلو با استفاده از تصویرهای ماهواره و عامل‌های مؤثر بر آن

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد آبیاری زهکشی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 استادیار بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

10.22092/wmrj.2023.363213.1549

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف
دریاچة مهارلو در استان فارس یکی از دریاچه‌های آب شور ایران است که در فاصلة 10 کیلومتری جنوب‌شرقی شیراز است و از دیدگاه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی برای این منطقه اهمیت زیادی دارد. ازاین‌رو، بررسی روند تغییرات سطح این دریاچه در دورة زمانی بلندمدت به‌منظور تصمیم ­گیری­ های صحیح به‌وسیلة مدیران اهمیت ویژه ­ای دارد؛ بر این اساس در این پژوهش تغییرات زمانی سطح آب دریاچه مهارلو بررسی شد.
مواد و روش­ ها
منطقة پژوهش‌شده آبخیز مهارلو بود. با استفاده از داده ­های ماهوارة لندست در طول دورة آماری 2020-1986 مساحت دریاچه در هر تصویر تعیین شد. سپس، روند تغییرات سطح دریاچه در این دوره با استفاده از آزمون من کندال بررسی‌شد. افزون بر این، عامل‌های مؤثر بر تغییرات سطح دریاچه همچون تغییرات بارندگی، آب‌دهی ورودی به دریاچه، تراز سطح آب زیرزمینی، جمعیت و مساحت پوشش گیاهی آبخیز در این دورة آماری ارزیابی شد.
نتایج و بحث
نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که روند تغییرات مساحت دریاچة مهارلو در دورة مطالعه‌شده معنی‌دار و کاهشی (km2/year 3) بود. نقطة تغییر ‌زمانی، ماه سپتامبر 2007 بود و از این تاریخ به بعد کاهش شدیدی در سطح دریاچه رخ داد. همچنین، نتایج بررسی تغییرات بارش نشان داد که روند اندازه‌ی بارش منفی و بی‌معنی بود؛ هر چند که روند تغییرات آب‌دهی ورودی به دریاچه و تبخیر، منفی و معنی‌دار بود. روند تغییرات جمعیت و پوشش گیاهی افزایشی و معنی‌دار بود. همچنین، نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که روند تغییرات سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی در این محدوده منفی و معنی‌دار بود.
نتیجه ­گیری و پیشنهادها
نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که روند تغییرات سطح دریاچة مهارلو به‌شدت کاهشی بود. بررسی عامل‌های تأثیرگذار روی سطح دریاچه نیز نشان داد هیچ‌گونه روند معنی‌داری در اندازة‌ بارش در آبخیز به‌عنوان یکی از تأمین‌کننده‌های اصلی آب ورودی به دریاچه، رخ نداده است. هرچند روند تغییرات بارش معنی‌دار نبود و روند تبخیر هم کاهشی بود، اما روند جمعیت و پوشش گیاهی در آبخیز افزایشی بود که ناگزیر نیاز به تأمین آب بیشتر در این محدوده است. این موضوع منجر به افزایش بی‌رویة برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی و جریان‌های سطحی شده است. به این دلیل، روند سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی و آب‌دهی ورودی به دریاچه، کاهشی و معنی‌دار بود. افزون بر این، اثر متقابل این عامل‌ها منجر به روند منفی تغییرات سطح دریاچه شد. بنابراین، با توجه به اهمیت دریاچة مهارلو در آبخیز و به‌منظور جلوگیری از کاهش سطح دریاچه، مدیران باید توجه زیادی به اجرای برنامه‌ریزی‌های پایداری سرزمین داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Satellite-Based Analysis of Maharlou Lake's Surface Area Trends and Influencing Factors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sare Aji 1
  • Shohreh Didari 2
1 M.Sc. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction and Goal
Maharlou Lake in Fars Province is one of the saline lakes of Iran, located 10 kilometers southeast of Shiraz. It holds significant economic, social, and environmental importance for the region. Therefore, assessing the long-term changes in the lake's surface area is crucial for making informed decisions by managers. In this context, the present study investigates the temporal changes in the water surface area of Maharlou Lake.
Materials and Methods
The study area was the Maharlou Watershed. The lake's surface area was determined for each satellite image using Landsat data over the period from 1986 to 2020. Then, the trend in the lake’s surface area changes during this period was analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. Additionally, factors influencing the lake's surface area changes, such as precipitation changes, inflow to the lake, groundwater level, population, and vegetation cover area within the watershed, were evaluated during this period.
Results and Discussion
The results of this study showed that the trend in the surface area of Maharlou Lake during the study period was significant and decreasing (3km²/year). The change point in the time series occurred in September 2007, after which a sharp decline in the lake’s surface area was observed. Furthermore, the results of the precipitation analysis indicated that the trend in precipitation was negative but not significant. However, the trends in the inflow to the lake and evaporation were both negative and significant. The trends in population growth and vegetation cover were found to be increasing and significant. Additionally, the study's findings showed that the groundwater level trend in this area was negative and significant.
Conclusion and Suggestions
The results of this study indicated that the surface area of Maharlou Lake has significantly decreased. The analysis of the factors affecting the lake’s surface area showed no significant trend in the precipitation within the watershed, which is one of the primary contributors to the inflow to the lake. Although the trend in precipitation was not significant and the evaporation trend was also decreasing, the increasing trends in population and vegetation cover within the watershed inevitably demand more water in this region. This situation has led to excessive extraction from groundwater resources and surface flows. Consequently, the trends in groundwater levels and inflow to the lake were both decreasing and significant. Moreover, the interplay of these factors has resulted in a negative trend in the lake's surface area. Therefore, given the importance of Maharlou Lake within the watershed and to prevent further reductions in the lake's surface area, managers must pay close attention to implementing sustainable land management plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Google earth engine (GEE)
  • land sat
  • Maharlou Lake
  • MANN-Kendall test
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