استفاده از مدل CORINE در ارزیابی کیفی خطر فرسایش خاک آبخیز قرناوه استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیز، دانشکدة منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دکتری علوم خاک، دانشکدة علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

10.22092/wmrj.2024.364047.1553

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف
فرسایش خاک یکی از تهدیدها و مخاطره‌های زیست‌محیطی مناطق نیمه‌خشک و خشک است و سالانه موجب کاهش کیفیت و یا از بین‌رفتن حجم زیادی از خاک­ های حاصل‌خیز در سراسر دنیا می­ شود و بر مسائل زیست‌محیطی، کشاورزی و امنیت غذایی تأثیر­گذار است. رشد و توسعة فعالیت­ های انسانی همراه با تغییر کاربری زمین‌ها و نابودی منابع از جمله عامل‌های مؤثر بر شدت فرسایش است. در سال­ های اخیر فرسایش خاک در ایران به‌دلیل نابودی منابع‌طبیعی تشدید شده است و تغییر کاربری زمین‌ها نقش به‌سزایی در این روند داشته است؛ بنابراین شناسایی مناطق مستعد فرسایش و تولید رسوب در آبخیزهای داخلی ایران که هر ساله منجر به ازدست‌رفتن هزاران تن خاک حاصل‌خیز می­ شود، ضرورتی است که نیاز به ارزیابی دقیق و تعیین فعالیت‌های مهاری قابل‌انطباق با شرایط آنان را دارد. از‌این‌رو، هدف این پژوهش توصیف توزیع مکانی خطر فرسایش خاک در آبخیز قرناوه استان گلستان با استفاده از مدل CORINE همگام با سامانة اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش‌ازدور بود. نتایج ارزیابی به‌دست آمده از این پژوهش می‌تواند در اولویت ­بندی مناطق بحرانی برای تصمیم‌های مدیریتی و انجام اقدام‌های مناسب در پیشگیری از فرسایش خاک استفاده شود.
مواد و روش‌ها
مدل CORINE ، برای برآورد و ارزیابی خطر فرسایش خاک استفاده می‌شود. این مدل، برای محاسبة فرسایش واقعی خاک به عامل‌های فرسایش ­پذیری، فرسایندگی، شیب و پوشش‌گیاهی یا کاربری زمین نیازمند است. به این منظور بر اساس شاخص فورنیه و شاخص خشکی، فرسایندگی منطقة پژوهشی محاسبه شد. همچنین، فرسایش­پذیری خاک نیز براساس بافت، اندازة سنگ‌ریزه و ژرفا برآورد شد. سپس، نقشه­ های فرسایندگی و فرسایش ­پذیری با نقشة ظرفیت فرسایش به‌دست آمده از شیب منطقه و تراکم پوشش‌گیاهی تلفیق شد. سرانجام نقشة خطر فرسایش واقعی خاک در منطقة پژوهشی به‌دست آمد.
نتایج و بحث
نتایج نشان داد که وضعیت واقعی فرسایش در 3/82 و 96/17% از مساحت کل آبخیز قرناوه به‌ترتیب کم‌خطر و با خطر متوسط بود و مناطق کم‌خطر فرسایش بیشتر در شرق آبخیز بودند. نتایج این پژوهش بر اساس عامل­ های مدل کورین بیانگر ظرفیت متوسط فرسایش و هدررفت خاک در آبخیز قرناوه بود.
نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادها
با توجه به اهمیت فرسایش و همچنین موقعیت آبخیز در تأمین آب سدهای پایین‌دست پیشنهاد می ­شود، الگوهای ارزیابی، برنامه‌ریزی، تصمیم‌گیری مدیریتی، ترویج، آموزش و اجرای طرح‌های سودمند در ارتباط با کاهش اندازة جابه‌جایی و هدررفت خاک در سطح آبخیز مزبور با جدیت پیگیری شود تا گام کوچکی در راستای کاهش اندازه فرسایش و هدررفت خاک باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Use of the CORINE Model in the Qualitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk in the Qharnaveh Watershed, Golestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Pedram Nainiva 1
  • Maedeh Parichere 2
  • Habib Nazarnejad 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Watershed Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Ph.D. in Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Watershed Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction and Goal
Soil erosion is one of the threats and environmental hazards of semi-arid and arid regions, which causes the loss of quality or the loss of a large amount of fertile soils all over the world every year, and it affects environmental, agricultural, and food security issues. The intensity of erosion is influenced by the growth and development of human activities along with land use change and resource destruction. In recent years, soil erosion in Iran has intensified due to the destruction of natural resources, and land use change has played a significant role in this process; Therefore, it is necessary to identify the areas prone to erosion and sediment yield in the internal watershed of Iran, which leads to the loss of thousands of tons of fertile soil every year, and to determine the control activities that can be adapted in these conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the spatial distribution of the risk of soil erosion in the Qharnaveh Watershed of Golestan Province using the CORINE model along with the geographic information system and remote sensing. The evaluation results will help prioritize critical areas adopt appropriate measures to prevent soil erosion.
Materials and Methods
The CORINE model is used to estimate and evaluate soil erosion risk. The actual soil erosion is calculated using the erodibility, erosivity, slope, vegetation cover, or land use factors in this model. The erosion of the study area was calculated using the Fournier index and dryness index for this purpose. Also, soil erodibility was estimated based on soil texture, stoniness and soil depth. Then, the erosion and erodibility maps were combined with the erosion capacity map obtained from the slope of the area and vegetation density. Finally, the real soil erosion risk map was obtained in the research area.
Results and Discussion
The results of this study indicated that 3.82% and 96.17% of the watershed were under low and moderate erosion risk, respectively, and the areas with low erosion risk were mainly located in the east of the watershed. The research findings indicated that this watershed had moderate soil loss and soil erosion potential, based on the CORINE model factors.  
Conclusion and Suggestions
Therefore, according to the importance of erosion and also the location of the watershed in supplying the water of the downstream dams, it is suggested to seriously consider evaluating and planning models, make management decisions, promote, educate, and implement beneficial projects related to reducing the rate of soil movement and surface soil loss, to be a small step in reducing the rate of soil erosion and soil loss.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CORINE model
  • qualitative model
  • remote sensing
  • soil loss

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 آبان 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 اسفند 1402

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