تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی کنشگران محلی در مدیریت مشارکتی منابع آب و خاک در روستاهای قلعه سید ‌مقیم و خائیز بهبهان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکدة منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران

3 دانش آموختة مقطع دکتری بیابان‌زدایی دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

10.22092/wmrj.2024.364399.1563

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف
حفظ منابع آب و خاک برای توسعة پایدار، ضروری و اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. برنامه‌ریزی برای رسیدن به چنین توسعه‌ای چه در حال و چه در آینده ضرورت دارد. در این میان رابطة انسان به‌عنوان سودبر با بوم‌نظام طبیعی باید در رأس سیاستگذاری‌ها و مدیریت جامع منابع آب باشد. بر این اساس لازمة مدیریت موفق منابع آب، تغییر رویکرد به سمت مدیریت مشارکتی است. موفقیت در طرح‌های آبخیزداری بستگی تام به اندازة مشارکت مردم در تصمیم‌گیری، اجرا و حفاظت از طرح‌ها دارد. یکی از اجزاء اساسی در تصدی‌گری منابع آب در سطح محلی،  بهره‌برداران محلی از منابع آب هستند و برای شکل‌گیری سازوکار مشارکتی منابع آب، رابطة دوسویه و تعاملی میان نهادهای دولتی و این بهره‌برداران، ضروری است. در این راستا شبکه‌های اجتماعی می‌توانند به‌شکل مؤثری در مدیریت مشارکتی به‌کار روند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل شبکه اجتماعی بهره‌برداران منابع آب و خاک در روستاهای خائیز و قلعه سید مقیم و تعیین قدرت‌های اصلی شبکه به منظور اعمال مدیریت مشارکتی موفق این منابع می‌باشد.    
مواد و روش‌ها
در این پژوهش برای بررسی و تحلیل ساختار الگوی رابطه‌های میان کنشگران منابع آب و خاک در دو روستای خاییز و قلعة سید مقیم از نظریة شبکة اجتماعی و اصول و مبانی آن استفاده‌شد. ابتدا با استفاده از پیمایش محلی و پرسش‌نامه، داده‌های اعتماد و مشارکت براساس طیف لیکرت (صفر، خیلی‌کم، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی‌زیاد) جمع‌آوری شد و سپس ماتریس رابطه‌های اعتماد و مشارکت تشکیل‌ شد. همچنین، شاخص‌های گوناگون شبکه در سه سطح کلان (شامل تراکم، تمرکز و اندازة شبکه، اندازة دوسویگی و انتقال‌پذیری پیوندها، میانگین فاصلة ژئودزیک و شاخص E-I)، میانی (شامل مرکز پیرامون و تراکم زیرگروه‌ها) و خرد (شامل مرکزیت‌های درجة ورودی، خروجی و بینابینی) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار UCINET محاسبه و ارزیابی ‌شد.
نتایج و بحث
براساس شاخص‌های به‌دست آمده، شبکة اجتماعی کنشگران در هر دو روستا پایدار و متعادل بود. بنابراین، می‌توان به‌خوبی در راستای حفظ منابع آب و خاک گام برداشت. شبکة بهره‌برداران روستای قلعة سید مقیم همبستگی بیشتری داشت و در نتیجه برای توسعة پایدار محلی بر فعالیت‌های مشارکتی تأثیرگذارتر بود. از سوی دیگر، افراد در قلعة سید مقیم ‌توانستند با سرعت بیشتری با هم در پیوند باشند و ایجاد اعتماد و فعالیت‌های دسته‌جمعی آن‌ها در زمان کمتری انجام ‌شد. همچنین، در هر دو سامان کنشگران کلیدی شناخته‌ شدند و باید با روش شایسته در تصمیم‌گیری و مدیریت مشارکتی منابع آب و خاک منطقه دخالت‌داده شوند.
نتیجه ­گیری و پیشنهادها
تحلیل شبکة اجتماعی، ابزار بسیار مناسبی برای مدیران در شناخت بهره‌برداران و رابطه‌های میان آنها است که در نتیجه مدیریت منابع آب را کارآمد می‌سازد. بر پایة نتایج این پژوهش برای همبستگی و تحکیم شبکه در خائیز، بایستی کنشگران غیرکلیدی را برای ایجاد پیوندهای اعتماد و مشارکت تشویق کرد. ازسوی‌دیگر، می‌توان با برگزاری کلاس‌های آموزشی و ترویجی، مشارکت و اعتماد موجود را حفظ کرد و زمینه را برای ایجاد اعتماد و مشارکت هر چه بیشتر کنشگران، فراهم کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Social Network Analysis of Local Stakeholders in Water and Soil Resources Co-Management in Behbahan Ghale Seyed Moghim and Khaeiz villages

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behzad Moteshaffeh 1
  • Mohammad Javanmard 2
  • Sareh Hashem Geloogerdi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
2 Master of Watershed Engineering, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Behbahan, Iran
3 Ph.D. in Combating Desertification, Faculty of Natural Resources and Geoscience, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction and Goal
Conservation of water and soil resources is necessary and inevitable for sustainable development. Planning is necessary for achieving this development both now and in the future. In this regard, the human relationship as a beneficiary of the natural ecosystem should be at the top of policies and comprehensive management of water resources. Based on this, the requirement for successful management of water resources is to change the approach towards cooperative management. The success of watershed projects entirely depends on people's participation in the decision-making, implementation, and conservation of the projects. One of the main components in water resources management at the local level is the local stakeholders and their interactive relationship between them and the government institutions is necessary for forming a cooperative mechanism of water resources. In this regard, social networks can be effectively used in collaborative management. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social network of water and soil resources stakeholders in Khaeiz and Ghale Seyed Moghim villages and to determine the main strengths of the network in order to apply successful collaborative management of these resources.
Materials and Methods
In the current research, social network theory and its principles were used to investigate and analyze the pattern of relations between the stakeholders of water and soil resources in Ghale Seyed Moghim and Khaeiz villages. First, using a local survey and a questionnaire, trust, and participation data were collected based on the Likert scale (zero, very little, low, medium, high, and very high), and a matrix of trust and participation relationships was formed, and the matrix of trust and participation relations was formed. Then, different network indicators in macro (including density, concentration, and size of the network, degree of ambidexterity and transferability of links, average geodesic distance, and E-I index), meso (including indicators of peripheral center and density of subgroups) and micro (including input degree centralities, output and intermediate) levels were calculated and evaluated using UCINET software.
Results and Discussion
Based on the calculated indicators, the network of beneficiaries in both villages is stable and balanced. Therefore, it is possible to plan to preserve water and soil resources well. The network of the stakeholders in Ghale Seyed Moghim village is more cohesive, which will be more effective in cooperative activities in the matter of local sustainable development Instead, people in Seyed Moghim villages were able to connect with each other more quickly, and building trust as well as their collective activities takes place in less time. Also, key actors were identified in both networks and should be involved in the decision-making and participatory management of water and soil resources in the region.
Conclusion and Suggestions
Social network analysis provides managers with an effective tool to identify users and their relationships, making water resources management efficient. Considering the results of network cohesion in Khaeiz, non-key actors should be encouraged to create trust and partnership bonds. Also, through educational and promotional activities, the existing participation and trust in the networks should be maintained, and the opportunity to create new trust and participation of stakeholders should be provided.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Collaborative management
  • local stakeholders
  • network indicators
  • social network analysis
  • water and soil resources

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 اسفند 1402

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