ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی – اقتصادی و زیستی محیطی طرح آبخیزداری دشت امام زاده جعفر شهرستان گچساران

Introduction and goal:
Irregular rains that cause unexpected floods can have devastating effects on people's food security and livelihoods. Therefore, flood is the most common natural disaster that causes loss of life, economic and social losses in different parts of the world (Ramakrishna, et al., 2014). At the same time, the climate conditions are changing, and the possibility of flood risk and climate change will increase in many parts of the world in the coming decades (Tanaka et al., 2018). Therefore, flood is a major environmental threat, the most extensive results of which are soil erosion, reduction of agricultural productivity, and reduction of water quality (Spalovich et al., 2017). Therefore, one of the common and important problems of most countries, especially arid and semi-arid countries like Iran, therefore, one of the most constructive solutions to control and reduce the destructive effects of floods is to identify flood-prone areas in watersheds and control them (Rad et al., 2017).Watershed operations play an important role in managing watersheds, meeting the needs of society and the environment, and with increasing population pressure and increasing demand for higher productivity, its multiple uses are expanding. Therefore, watershed development activities have significant positive effects on the level of underground water, the permanence of water in wells, the availability of water for other domestic uses, etc. Therefore, watershed management should improve the provision of ecosystem services for all stakeholders and reduce conflict. Also, all its socio-cultural and economic aspects should be taken into consideration (Castro et al., 2016). Therefore, investing in watershed projects is the most appropriate solution to recover water resources, restore and protect natural ecosystems (Hamel, et al., 2020). Watershed management is considered as a way for sustainable rural development, it also plays an important role in the management of water and soil resources, so it is necessary to evaluate the effects. The present study was also conducted in order to investigate the socio-economic and biological environmental effects of the Imamzadeh Jafar watershed project from the perspective of the beneficiary villagers.
materials and methods:
The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that includes social, economic and environmental factors. Data analysis was done with SPSS software. The statistical population of the current research is about 120 farmers and ranchers. Using simple random sampling, 90 people were selected as a sample.
Results and discussion:
The results according to the results of the post-test (Dependent) in terms of environment between Mohajerin village and Nasir Abad is 0.090 and it is more than 500th, that is, there is no significant difference, but between Imamzadeh Jafar and Nasir Abad and Imamzadeh Jafar and Mohajerin both at the one thousandth level, there is a significant difference. Also, according to the results of the dependent test, in terms of social factors, there was no significant difference between the village of Mohajerin and Nasirabad, but there was a significant difference between Imamzadeh Jafar and Nasirabad at the level of 22 thousandths and Imamzadeh Jafar and Mohajerin at the level of one thousandth. Also, according to the results of the dependent test, in terms of economic factors, there was no significant difference between the villages of Mohajerin and Nasirabad, Imamzadeh Jafar and Mohajerin, but there was a significant difference between Imamzadeh Jafar and Nasirabad at the one thousandth level. According to the results of the post hoc test (Tamhane), there was no significant difference between the village of Mohajerin and Nasirabad, but there was a significant difference between Imamzadeh Jafar and Nasirabad, Imamzadeh Jafar and Mohajerin both at the one-thousandth level. Also, according to the results of the follow-up test (Tamhane), there was no significant difference between the villages of Mohajerin and Nasirabad in terms of social factors, but there was a significant difference between Imamzadeh Jafar and Nasirabad at the level of 22 thousandths and Imamzadeh Jafar and Mohajerin at the level of one thousandth. Also, according to the results of the post hoc test (Tamhane), in terms of economic factors, there was no significant difference between the villages of Mohajerin and Nasirabad, Imamzadeh Jafar and Mohajerin, but there was a significant difference between Imamzadeh Jafar and Nasirabad at the level of one thousandth.
Discussion and conclusion:
Watershed operations play an important role in managing watersheds, meeting the needs of society and the environment, and with increasing population pressure and increasing demand for higher productivity, its multiple uses are expanding. Therefore, watershed development activities have significant positive effects on the level of underground water, the permanence of water in wells, the availability of water for other domestic uses, etc. According to the results of the Dependent Tamhane, the village of Imamzadeh-Jaafar has a better condition than the other two villages in terms of environmental, social and economic aspects, and the village of Naserabad has a better condition in all these dimensions than the village of Mohajerin. The results of clustering show that the situation of Imamzadeh Jaafar village is better than the other two villages in all aspects. Also, according to these results, the village of Imamzadeh-Jaafar and the immigrants have the best situation in terms of environment. One of the most important issues that any watershed management plan should pay attention to is the environment, as the results of its study show that the Imamzadeh-Jaafar watershed management plan has been successful in paying attention to environmental issues. It is suggested that for the implementation of watershed projects, in all stages before, during and after the implementation, they should pay attention to the opinion of the watershed residents and use their opinion in the implementation of the project. Also, due to the increase in tourists after the implementation of the plan, the credits for the infrastructure (roads and buildings) of the region should be increased.