نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
4 دانشیار، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Goal
In recent decades, unsustainable development has caused various crises and environmental hazards in the country's watersheds. In particular, the occurrence of floods is one of the phenomena that, under the influence of this unstable development and the effects of climate change, has intensified in recent decades in the urban and rural areas of the country. This issue has led to types of human, social, economic, and environmental losses in the country's watersheds. Based on this, measuring the different dimensions of the resilience of urban and rural communities at risk of flooding and also identifying strategies to increase resilience is a fundamental step to manage this phenomenon, especially in the process of integrated watershed management. In this study, the relative and absolute measurement of the socio-cultural resilience potential of local communities at risk of flooding in the hydrological units of the Sang Sefid watershed was carried out using the TOPSIS multi-attribute decision-making method.
Materials and Methods
In this study, first, indicators of socio-cultural resilience were identified, based on the literature review, interviews with experts, as well as field visits and interviews with residents. Then, to quantify the indicators of socio-cultural resilience in the current state of the region, based on the multiple-response coding method, the variables of the questionnaire are qualitative ordinal variables according to the Likert scale (very low (1), low (2), moderate (3), high (4) and very high (5)) were considered. A survey was conducted among the residents of the region after checking the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In this regard, the validity of the questionnaire was approved by the expert group. Also, Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the measurement tool. Also, in this study, the sample unit was a rural household. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size based on the number of rural households in each hydrological unit. Finally, to measure the relative and absolute potential of socio-cultural resilience of local communities at risk of flooding in the hydrological units of the Sang Sefid watershed using the TOPSIS method, with and without the intervention of two hypothetical alternatives in the form of minimum and maximum values of resilience potential (respectively with average values of 1 and 5 related to all indicators in units).
Results and Discussion
In this study, 11 indicators were identified as the main items for measuring the resilience of rural environments at risk of flooding. Also, the sample size based on Cochran's formula was calculated as 663 samples. In addition, the value of Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.832, which indicates the good reliability of the measurement tool. The results show that indicators V1 (The level of responsibility and participation of the local community) and V4 (The level of familiarity of local community residents with each other) respectively have the most and least importance in measuring socio-cultural resilience in comparison with other indicators from the viewpoint of experts. Also, indicators V1, V6 (The level of knowledge of the local community about flood and necessary measures), V9 (The sense of belonging of the residents to the region), V11 (The level of trust of the local community in the policies and programs of the authorities) and V8 (The level of trust of the local community in the fair service of the custodian institutions in times of crisis and after) have the first five priorities. Also, the results show that the range of values of relative closeness to the positive and negative ideal solution varies from 0.80 to 5.20 and 1.98 to 5.90, respectively. Also, the range of TOPSIS index values varies from 0.28 to 0.88. The wide range of the TOPSIS index indicates the presence of units with different flood resilience potentials in the studied area. In this regard, the results show that S-int2 and S9 units have the minimum and maximum resilience values with Ri values equal to 0.28 and 0.88, respectively. Based on this, from the total area of rural environments at risk of flooding in selected hydrological units, 6669.4 hectares (73.41%) have moderate resilience potential, 732.5 hectares (8.06%) have high resilience potential, and 1682.7 hectares (18.52%) have very high resilience potential.
Conclusion and Suggestions
The results show the different importance among the 11 indicators identified for measuring resilience so that indicators V1 and V4 respectively have the maximum and minimum importance in measuring socio-cultural resilience in comparison with other indicators from the point of view of experts. In this study, the TOPSIS method was used to measure and prioritize the relative resilience of rural environments at risk of flooding in hydrological units and to map the absolute resilience potential of the units. It was also suggested for future studies. Mapping the resilience potential of rural environments exposed to flood risk in the hydrological units of the Sang Sefid watershed shows the presence of various units with moderate, high, and very high resilience potential in this watershed. Based on this, planning to improve their resilience potential, especially by applying problem structuring methods such as SWOT and DPSIR, is strongly suggested. In addition, the use of various techniques for determining the importance or weights of indicators in combination with other multi-attribute decision-making methods is suggested for future studies of resilience measurement. Also, the time-consuming survey to fill the questionnaire by the watershed residents was the most challenging issue in the current study.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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