ارزیابی خشک‌سالی آب‌شناختی و تحلیل ویژگی‌های آن با شاخص جریان رودخانه‌یی (SDI) در ایستگاه‌های آب سنجی استان اردبیل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشیار گروه آموزشی منابع طبیعی و عضو پژوهشکده مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 ستادیار گروه آموزشی منابع طبیعی و عضو پژوهشکده مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

4 استادیار گروه آموزشی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

5 دانشجوی دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

خشک‌سالی آب‌شناختی باعث کاهش‌یافتن جریان رود و افت‌کردن‌ کیفیت اکوسیستم‌های آن می‌شود و استفاده‌ی انسان از آب‌های سطحی را نیز محدود می‌کند. در این تحقیق، برای ارزیابی خشک‌سالی آب‌شناختی در 33 ایستگاه آب‌سنجی استان اردبیل (1353–1392) شاخص خشک‌سالی جریان رودخانه‌یی (SDI) به‌کاررفت. شاخص SDI با نرم‌افزار DrinC محاسبه، ویژگی‌های خشک‌سالی آب‌شناختی طبقه‌بندی و تحلیل، ارتباط مولفه‌های مختلف خشک‌سالی با هم بررسی، و آب‌دهی متوسط جریان تحلیل شد. برخی از ویژگی‌های خشک‌سالی آب‌شناختی برای نمایش تغییرات مکانی درون‌یابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که خشک‌سالی در همه‌ی ایستگاه‌ها بود، و  بیشینه‌ی تداوم دوره‌ی خشک 62 ماه در ایستگاه‌ سامیان بود. نتایج طبقه‌بندی معیار SDI در 14 ایستگاه (آلادیزگه، پل الماس، عنبران، باروق، بوران، دوست‌بیگلو، گیلانده، ایریل، کوزه‌تپراقی، مشیران، نئور، سامیان، شمس‌آباد و سولا) نشان داد که تعداد ماه‌های ترسالی از تعداد ماه‌های خشک‌سالی بیش‌تر بود. بیش‌ترین شدت خشک‌سالی جریان (01/5-) و بیش‌ترین تعداد ترسالی رخ‌داده در ایستگاه پل الماس دیده شد. متوسط شدت بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین خشک‌سالی آب‌شناختی در ایستگاه پل الماس و عنبران به‌ترتیب 01/5- و 0/57- بود. تغییرات مکانی ماه‌های خشک‌سالی نشان داد که کم‌ترین وقوع خشک‌سالی جریان در ایستگاه‌های بالادست و دامنه‌های سبلان بود. خشک‌سالی‌های شدید و خیلی‌شدید در رودخانه‌هایی اتفاق می‌افتد که آب‌دهی آن کم است. هر چه اندازه‌های آب‌دهی رودخانه بیش‌تر باشد، وقوع خشک‌سالی‌های شدید کاهش می‌یابد و ثبات جریان آن از رودخانه‌یی باآب‌دهی کم بیش‌تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Hydrological Drought Assessment and Analysis of its Characteristic Using the Stream flow Drought Index (SDI) at Hydrometry Stations in the Province of Ardabil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Amini 1
  • Abazar Esmali Ouri 2
  • Raoof Mostafazadeh 3
  • Mearaj Sharari 4
  • Mohsen Zabihi 5
1 M.Sc. Student in Watershed Management‎, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department Natural Resources and member of Water Management Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management and member of Water Management Research Institute, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
5 Ph.D Student in Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tarbiat Modares, Iran
چکیده [English]

Hydrological drought can lead to a decrease in river flow and loss of the river ecosystem quality, which limits human use of the surface water. The stream flow drought index (SDI) has been used to assess the hydrological droughts in 33 hydrometric stations of the Province of Ardabil. The SDI was calculated using the DrinC software; subsequently, characteristics of the hydrological drought were classified and analyzed. The inter-relationship of the different components of hydrological drought with those of the flow rate were also examined. Subsequently, some of the hydrological drought characteristics were interpolated to detect the spatial variations. The results indicated that all of the studied stations experienced drought events. The maximum dry-period was 62 months at the Samian Station. The results of the standard classification of the SDI in 14 stations (Aladizge, Pole-Almas, Anbaran, Baroogh, Boran, Dostbeyglu, Gilandeh, Iril, Koozetopraghi, Mashiran, Neour, Samian, Shamsabad and Sola) indicated that the number of wet-months were larger than that of the dry-months. The severest drought was observed at the Pole-Almas Station (-1.05), while the highest frequency of wet-months had been recorded at the same station. The average intensity of the highest and lowest hydrological drought events at the Pole-Almas and Anbaran Stations were -1.05 and -0.57, respectively. The spatial variations of drought occurrence showed that the stations located in the upstream areas and the Sabalan piedmonts had the lowest drought occurrence in the study area. The severe and severest drought events had been occurred in small rivers with low discharge.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DrinC
  • drought duration
  • drought intensity
  • hydrological drought
  • stream flow drought index

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 خرداد 1398

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