بررسی تغییر کاربری زمین در هور منصوریه و ارتباط آن با رخ‌دادهای خشک‌سالی و گرد و غبار در کلان‌شهر اهواز

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات بیابان، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دکترای جنگل‌داری، پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هورها بخشی از اکوسیستم منطقه‌های نیمه­خشک و خشک اند که در زمان سیل پر از سیلاب، و در دوره‌ی خشک‌سالی به منبع تولید ریزگرد تبدیل می‌شود، و مدیریت آن‌ها دشوار است. برای پایش میزان تغییر سطح‌های آب‌دار، پوشیده‌ازگیاه، و زمین‌های خشک و بی‌پوشش هور منصوریه در کانون مولد گردوغبار جنوب‌شرق اهواز محدوده‌ی هور در پرآب­ترین شرایط آن تعیین شد. داده­های ماهواره­یی لندست TM و ETM+ و OLI سال­های 1988 تا 2017 در ماه ژوئن و داده­های بارش سازمان هواشناسی کشور به‌کاربرده شد. سه مرحله‌ی پیش­پردازش، پردازش و پس­پردازش بر تصویرها انجام، و تصویرها با روش طبقه ­بندی نظارت‌شده به ‌روش ماشین بردار پشتیبان (SVM) در نرم‌افزارENVI 5.3  در سه رده‌ی سطح‌های آبی، پوشش گیاهی و زمین‌های خشک و بی‌پوشش طبقه ­بندی شد. تصویرهای طبقه­ بندی‌شده در مرحله‌ی پس­پردازش با واقعیت­های زمینی به‌دست‌آمده از بررسی­های گوگل‌ارت مقایسه، و دقت طبقه­ بندی با دو شاخص دقت کلی و کاپا محاسبه شد. درصد مساحت هر یک از طبقه‌ها در محیط GIS محاسبه شد. آبخیز منتهی به هور منصوریه مشخص، شبکه‌ی بارش آن تهیه، و میانگین بارش آن محاسبه شد. رخ‌داد خشک‌سالی و شدت آن بر اساس شاخص بارش ‌معیاری (SPI) محاسبه، و ارتباط آن با تغییر سطح خشکیده‌ی هور بررسی شد. همبستگی بین مساحت خشک‌شده‌ی هور منصوریه و شاخص SPI  0/7- و ضریب تعیین R2 آن تقریبا 0/6 برآورد شد، که تغییر سطح خشکیده‌ی هور را متغیر وابسته به متغیر مستقل رخ‌داد خشک‌سالی تا 60% نشان می‌دهد. مانده‌ی تغییر متغیر وابسته احتمالاٌ مربوط به سایر عامل‌ها ازجمله بندهای خاکی متعدد احداث‌شده برای هدف‌های مختلف ازجمله کشاورزی و ساختارهای حفاری چاه­های نفت منطقه در بالادست هور است. بررسی تغییر مساحت زمین‌های خشک و بی‌پوشش با رخ‌داد گردوغبارهای داخلی نشان داد که در10 سال اخیر بیش از 80% مساحت هور خشک شده، و در برخی سال­ها 100% از مساحت آن به زمین‌های خشک و بی‌پوشش تبدیل شده، و به علت شوری و ریزدانه بودن احتمالا بر تولید گردوغبار در کلان­شهر اهواز موثر بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Land use Changes in the Mansouriyeh Wetland and its Relation with the Occurrence of Drought and Dust Formation in the Ahwaz Metropolis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Dargahian 1
  • Sara Teimori 2
  • Sakineh Lotfinasbasl 1
  • Samaneh Razavizadeh 1
1 Assistant Prof, Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Research Scientist Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Wetlands are an integral part of the semi-arid and arid ecosystems, which are inundated during major floodings and are transformed into sources of particulate matter during drought. This phase of their life cycle is very disturbing as they affect breathing in downwind areas and result in many pulmonary diseases. Thus their management is very challenging. As the Mansuriyeh Wetland (MW) is transformed into a dust source when dry, and threatens the City of Ahvaz with dust storms in the lean years, and this is mainly caused by an eradication of the vegetative corer, it was decided to survey the area when the MW was brimmed with floodwater. This was achieved benefiting from the images collected by the Landsat TM, ETM+ and DLI during the June of 1988 through the same month in 2017, and the rainfall data provided by the National Meteorological Organization. Analysis of the information was carried out in three steps: preprocessing, preprocessing and post preprocessing using the support vector machine (SVM) along with the ENVIs software. Likewise the image were classificed into the inundated areas the land covered with vegetation, water and the bare land. Truthfulness of the image was validated through Google Earth employing the total accuracy and the kappa procedures. The percentage of the area covered by each class was determined through the GIS zooning. The area contributing water to the MW was determined as its watershed, the rain-gauging network was plotted on the maps, and the mean annual precipitation of the entire watershed was calculated and drought occurrence and its intensity were determined using the standard precipitation index (SPI): the R2 for this item was 0.6. Therefore, variation of the MW as a dependent variable is related to the drought as an independent variable. Thus drought is 60% responsible for dust formation. Other variables, namely numerous small earth banks, oil well drilling installation and agricultural activities may also contribute to dust formation. Variations in the extent of the bare area and its relationship with the dust formation indicated that 80% of the MW had dried during the previous10 years. Moreover, up to 100% of the area had been entirely without a vegetative cover in some of those years. Salinity of a fine- grained soil, also made it a potential source of dust storms that invaded the Ahvaz Metropolis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Coefficient of determination
  • land use change
  • source of dust
  • Mansouriyeh Wetland

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 شهریور 1398

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