اولویت بندی عامل های مؤثر بر وقوع زمین لغزش و پهنه بندی حساسیت آن در آبخیز چریک آباد ارومیه با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی شانون

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه

4 دانش آموخته دکتری آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

زمین­لغزش­ها از رخدادهای طبیعی و برخی انسان­ساخت‌اند. ایجاد یک راه‌برد برای کاهش زیان­های ناشی از زمین­لغزش­ها برای حفظ منابع­­طبیعی و انسانی، ضروری است. هدف از این پژوهش، اولویت­بندی عامل­های مؤثّر بر زمین­لغزش­ها با مدل آنتروپی شانون و روش GIS است. با بازدید­های میدانی و تصویرهای گوگل ارث 90 نقطه­ی ­لغزشی در­ آبخیز چریک­آباد ارومیه شناسایی شد. لایه­های بارش، ارتفاع، درصد شیب، جهت شیب، سنگ­شناسی­، کاربری زمین‌، شاخص پوشش­گیاهی تفاضلی بهنجار­شده (NDVI) و عناصر خطی مانند فاصله از آبراه، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از جاده و فاصله از روستا عامل­های مؤثّر بر وقوع زمین­لغزش به­کارگرفته­شد و نقشه­ی پراکنش زمین­لغزش­ها در سامانه­ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی تهیه و رقومی شد. اولویت­بندی عامل­های مؤثّر با روش آماری آنتروپی شانون نشان داد که به­ترتیب لایه­های کاربری زمین‌، فاصله از آبراه و فاصله از گسل بیش­ترین تأثیر را بر وقوع زمین­لغزش­ها داشت و کم­ترین تأثیر مربوط به لایه­های فاصله از روستا، فاصله از جاده است. پهنه­بندی حساسیت زمین­لغزش با مدل و ارزیابی دقت آن با منحنی عمل‌کرد نسبی سامانه (ROC) و با سطح زیر منحنی (AUC)  0/879 بیان­گر دقت خیلی­خوب مدل برای منطقه بود. با توجه به این‌که حدود 32 % از آبخیز در منطقه‌هایی  با حساسیت زیاد و خیلی زیاد قرار گرفته است، پیشنهاد می­شود برای کاهش نسبی خطر لغزش در آن‌جا، از تغییر کاربری در منطقه‌های مستعد زمین­لغزش اجتناب گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritization of Effective Factors on Landslide Occurrence and Mapping of its Sensitivity in CherikAbad Watershed, Urmia Using Shannon Entropy Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdulaziz Hanifinia 1
  • Habib Nazarnejad 2
  • Saeed Najafi 3
  • Aiding Kornejady 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Watershed Management, Urmia University
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Urmia University
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Urmia University
4 Ph.D. of Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Landslides are natural and incidentally man-made phenomena. Developing landslide risk reduction plans in order to preserve the natural and human resources are pivotal. This study sets out to prioritize landslide-controlling factors by using the Shannon’s entropy model and the GIS techniques. A total of 90 landslides were identified using extensive filed surveys and interpreting the Google Earth images. A Landslide inventory map was prepared in the GIS environment together with eleven controlling factors as inputs, namely precipitation, elevation, slope percentage, slope aspect, lithology, land use/land cover, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the distance to streams/faults/roads/villages. The results revealed that the land use/land cover, the distance to streams, and the distance to faults were the top-ranked factors of the highest importance in landslide occurrence, while the distance to villages, and the distance to roads were of the least importance. Further, the model validation results attested to the great performance of the adopted model where the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.879. Considering that about 32% of the watershed is located in the high and very high sensitive area, it is recommended to avoid land use change in landslide-prone areas to reduce relative risk of landslide.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cherikabad Watershed
  • GIS
  • landslide
  • ROC curve
  • Shannon’s entropy

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 اسفند 1398

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