بررسی اثرات پخش سیلاب بر شاخص های پوشش گیاهی در مراتع پشتکوه کیاسر ساری

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

3 استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

4 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

یکی از راه‌حل­های مناسب و کارآمـد برای بهینه­سازی رواناب به­ویژه در منطقه‌های خشک و نیمه­خشک بهره‌گیری از شبکه­های پخش­سیلاب است که ضمن کاهش خسارات ناشی از سیـل، در افزایش حجــم سفره‌ی آب زیرزمینی و احیــای مراتع مؤثر است. در این پژوهـش اثر پخش­سیلاب بر ترکیب گونه­یی و گروه­های گیاهی در مراتع پشتکوه کیاسر ساری، استان مازندران، بررسی شد. برای نمونه­گیری پوشش گیاهی در منطقه‌های پخش سیلاب، قرق و نبود پخش سیلاب (چرای دام) انجام شد. نمونه­گـیری در نقطه‌های معـرف و همگن هر یک از منطقه‌ها به شکل تصادفی- منظم و با ثبت درصد تاج پوشش گونه­های گیاهی در 90 قطعه یک متر مربعی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد 53 گونه در منطقه‌ی پخش­سیلاب و 43 گونه در قرق هست، در حالی ‌که در منطقه‌ی نبود پخش­سیلاب یا در چرای دام 24 گونه بود. در بین تیره­های گیاهی بررسی‌شده، پخش سیلاب موجب افزایش درصد تاج پوشش تیره­های Brassicaceae، Poaceae و Fabaceae شد. به غیر از گروه­های گیاهی هم‌چون بوته­ها و کاموفیت­ها که کاهش معنی­داری از پخش سیلاب نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند، مقایسه‌ی سایر گروه­های گیاهی نیز حاکی از افزایش درصد تاج پوشش آن‌ها در پخش سیلاب و قرق بود. تجزیه و تحلیل چند متغیره نشان داد که ترکیب گونه‌یی و گروه­های گیاهی تحت تأثیر کنش‌های پخش­سیلاب و قرق بود، به طوری‌که گونه­های مهم مرتعی مانند Agropyron elongatum و Onobrychis altissima بیش­ترین پاسخ را به کنش‌های پخش­سیلاب در منطقه داده­اند. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کنش‌های پخش سیلاب، تأثیر مثبتی بر شاخص­های ترکیب گونه‌یی و گروه­های گیاهی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Floodwater Spreading on the Vegetation Indices in the Poshtkooh Rangelands, Keyasar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parviz Gholami 1
  • Fatemeh Jalilian 2
  • Bahareh Behmanesh 3
  • Majid Mohammad Esmaeili 4
1 Ph.D. of Rangeland sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 M.Sc. of Range Management, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University
4 Associate Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University
چکیده [English]

Floodwater spreading (FS) is an efficient and appropriate method for the optimization of runoff utilization, particularly in arid and semiarid region. Beside the reduction of damage caused by the flooding, this technique is also useful in the artificial recharge of groundwater and rangeland restoration. Effects of floodwater spreading on species composition and functional groups were assessed in the Poshtkooh Rangelands of Sari in the Mazandaran Province. Vegetation sampling was evaluated in the FS area, enclosure and a without floodwater spreading (grazing). Sampling was carried out at representative and homogeneous areas of each treatment by the random-systematic method, thus the canopy cover of each plant species was measured in 90 plots of 1 m2/each. Results showed that there were 53 species in floodwater spreading area and 43 species in the enclosure but only 24 species were present in the control area spreading or grazing. Among the studied plant families. The canopy cover of Brassicaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae was increased by floodwater spreading, shrubs and Chamophytes showed a significant reduction from due to FS as compare with the control area. Comparison of the most functional groups also indicated a reduction in their canopy cover percentage with an increase in floodwater spreading and enclosure. The multivariate analysis showed that the species composition and functional groups of the study area were affected by the FS practices and enclosure; that important and valuable species such as Agropyron elongatum and Onobrychis altissima responded most to such practice. To sum up, our results clearly showed that the FS practices carried out in the area had a positive effect on species composition and functional groups.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological restoration
  • enclosure
  • functional groups
  • Mazandaran province
  • runoff harvesting

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 اسفند 1398

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