امکان سنجی جمع آوری آب باران در تیمارها و زمان های مختلف در آبخیز طالقان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان

2 استادیار علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان

3 دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

جمع ­آوری باران در منطقه‌های خشک و نیمه­ خشک با زیر حوضه روشی مناسب برای تولید محصول و مقابله با کم ­آبی است. امکان‌سنجی جمع­ آوری باران در آبخیز طالقان در زیر حوضه‌هایی  با مساحت­ های 100، 25 و 6/25 مترمربع با سه تیمار ایجاد جوی و پشته، تراکم تراز سطحی و شاهد در سال آبی 96-1395 بررسی شد. آزمایش  در قالب طرح مجموعه‌ی کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. حجم روان‌آب جمع ­آوری شده پس از هر بارش در فصل‌های مختلف مشخص شد. ارتباط بین مقدار و ضریب روان‌آب با ارتفاع بارش و آستانه‌ی بارش برای تولید روان‌آب مشخص شد. نتیجه‌ها نشان داد که بارش ­های بهاری به ترتیب 62/5 و 65/4 % بیش از بارش­ های زمستانی و پاییزی روان‌آب تولید کرد. متراکم­ کردن خاک سطح باعث افزایش روان‌آب و ضریب آن به ترتیب 17/3 و 19/8% از شاهد شد. افزون بر آن، تراکم خاک اندازه‌ی‌ ارتفاع بارش آستانه را 7% کاهش داد. مقدار و ضریب روان‌آب با ایجاد جوی و پشته‌ به ترتیب 22 و 20% کاهش یافت، اما بارش آستانه 4% فزونی گرفت. مقدار روان‌آب و بارش آستانه در زیر حوضه‌های بزرگ‌تر کم‌تر از زیر حوضه‌های کوچک‌تر بود. کاربرد زیر حوضه‌های جمع ­آوری روان‌آب برای کاشتن گیاهان در منطقه با تراکم خاک سطح (افزایش هفت درصدی چگالی ظاهری خاک) توصیه‌ می‌شود، و مساحت آن با توجه به نوع گیاه تعیین می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Different Treatments and Times on the Taleghan Watershed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Akhshi 1
  • Najmeh Yarami 2
  • Abolfazl Azizian 2
  • Aliakbar Nazari Samani 3
1 Former M.Sc. Student in Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University
2 Assistant Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) in arid and semi-arid regions using micro-catchments (MCS) is an appropriate technique to produce crops and to deal with water shortages. The potential of RWH on the Taleghan Watershed was investigated using MCS covering areas of 100, 25, and 6.25 m2 under three treatments: furrowing, surface compaction, and control (no treatment) during the 2016/2017 hydrological year. The experimental design was a complete randomized block in a factorial manner with three replications. The volume of the collected runoff was measured after each precipitation event in different seasons. The relationship between the amount and coefficient of runoff (R and Cr, respectively) with precipitation and the threshold of precipitation for runoff production (TPR) was determined. Results showed that the spring precipitation produced 62.5 and 65.5% higher R than the winter and autumn rainfall, respectively. Moreover, surface compaction produced 17.3 and 19.8% higher R and Cr than the control, respectively; it also reduced TPR by 7%. However, under furrowing, the R and Cr values decreased by 22 and 20%, respectively; while, TPR increased by 4% more than the control. Furthermore, the values of R and TPR in larger MCS were less than those of the smaller MCS. Overall, the use of MCS for R harvesting and plant cultivation with surface soil compaction (increasing bulk density by 7%) is recommended in regions where their areas is determined by the plant type.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area
  • micro-catchment
  • rainfall season
  • runoff harvesting
  • Taleghan

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 تیر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 شهریور 1399

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