ارزیابی اقتصادی و اثربخشی اجرای کنش‌های آبخیزداری به روش کمی و کیفی در شهرستان منوجان

سلطانی نژاد, مظفر; مهرابی, علی اکبر; احمدی, حسن

doi:10.22092/wmrj.2022.354192.1402

ارزیابی اقتصادی و اثربخشی اجرای کنش‌های آبخیزداری به روش کمی و کیفی در شهرستان منوجان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکترا، گروه تخصصی جنگل، مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

² گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³ استاد، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده‌ی منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22092/wmrj.2022.354192.1402

چکیده

مهم‌ترین هدف طرح‌های آبخیزداری حفاظت از آب و خاک، کاهش سیلاب، و افزایش پوشش گیاهی است. برای توجیه اقتصادی کنش‌های آبخیزداری ارزیابی کارکرد آن‌ها مانند دیگر طرح‌های عمرانی لازم و ضروری است. در این تحقیق برای ارزیابی کردن اثربخشی کنش‌های آبخیزداری در شهرستان منوجان دو روش کمی و کیفی به‌کار ‌گرفته‌شد. روش‌های کمی منحنی جرم مضاعف، منحنی تداوم جریان، و سازگان رژیم آبی (هیدرولیکی)، و روش‌های کیفی مصاحبه‌ی حضوری و تکمیل پرسش‌نامه بود. ارزیابی اقتصادی این طرح‌ها با دو معیار ارزش خالص کنونی و نسبت سود به هزینه انجام شد. داده‌های بارندگی و روان‌آب در سال‌های قبل و بعد از اجرای طرح‌ها، و داده‌های پرسشنامه‌ها جمع‌آوری، و در نرم‌افزارهای Excel و SPSS تحلیل کرده‌شد. منحنی جرم مضاعف بیان‌گر تأثیر مثبت کنش‌های آبخیزداری بر کاهش حجم روان‌آب بود، و منحنی تداوم جریان نشان‌دهنده‌ی آرام‌شدن جریان و تأثیر این کنش‌ها در کاستن از آب‌دهی‌های اوج است. نتیجه‌ی کیفی نیز بیان‌گر این بود که 80/58 % از مردم منطقه معتقد اند که اثر کنش‌های آبخیزداری مثبت است، و 19/42 % آن ‌را بی‌اثر مثبت می‌دانند. اندازه‌ی معیارهای NPW و B/C به‌‌ترتیب 865450 و 5/120 به‌دست آمد، و بیان‌گر این است که طرح‌های انجام‌شده در شهرستان منوجان توجیه اقتصادی دارد، و تأثیر اقتصادی آن مثبت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Economic and Effectiveness Evaluation of Watershed Management Measures by Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Manojan, Kerman

نویسندگان [English]

Mozafar Soltaninezhad ¹
Ali Akbar Mehrabi ²
Hassan Ahmadi ³

¹ Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Forest, Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

³ Professor Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

The most important goal of watershed management is soil and water conservation, flood reduction, and vegetation enhancement. Analyzing and evaluating the performance of watershed management measures, like other development projects, seems necessary for their economic justification. In this study, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of watershed management measures in Manojan city, Kerman. Quantitative methods include double mass curve, flow continuity curve, and hydrological regime. Qualitative methods include face-to-face interviews and completing a questionnaire. Also, the economic evaluation of these projects was performed using two criteria of net present value (NPW or NPV) and profit to cost ratio (B/C). For this purpose, data related to rainfall and runoff in the years before and after the implementation of the place, and questionnaires were collected and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. The results showed that the double mass curve shows the positive effect of watershed management on decreasing runoff rate and the current continuity curve shows the relaxation of the flow and the effect of these measures in reducing peak discharges. Qualitative results also indicate that 80.58% of people in the region believe that watershed management measures had positive effects and 19.42 no positive effects. According to NPW and B/C criteria, watershed management measures implemented in Manojan city have economic justification and have a positive economic impact. In general, the positive effectiveness of watershed management measures in soil and water protection in the study area has been confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

B/C
hydrological regime
Manojan
NPW
watershed

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