عامل وزنی مناسب برای محاسبه‌ی شاخص پیوستگی رسوب در شرایط خاک شخم خورده

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت منابع خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استاد پژوهشکده ی حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی. تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

عامل وزنی شاخص پیوستگی رسوب جزء چالش‌برانگیز آن است و باید برای شرایط گوناگون به‌درستی تبیین شود. این پژوهش با هدف توسعه­ ی‌ عامل وزنی مناسب برای محاسبه ی شاخص پیوستگی در خاک شخم­ خورده‌ی آیش با شبیه ­سازی و کاربرد نهر پایه‌دار آزمایشگاهی 5/8 مترمربع با شیب 12% روی سه نمونه‌­ی خاک دیم­زار منطقه‌های کوهین، سرارود و گچساران انجام شد. دو بارش (R1 و R2) با فاصله‌ی چهار ساعت با شدت 111 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در هر خاک شبیه ­سازی، و هدررفت ­خاک آن‌ها تعیین شد. پس از هر بارش مدل­ رقومی ارتفاع با اندازه ­ی نقطه‌ی (پیکسل) دو میلی‌متر با عکس­برداری تهیه، و از آن شاخص پیوستگی با عامل وزنی ضریب زبری (RI) محاسبه شد. هدررفتِ­ خاکِ دو بارش به­ ترتیب در ­خاک گچساران 4796 و 3909 گرم، در کوهین، 3465 و 2464 گرم، و در سرارود 2679 و 2105 گرم به‌دست آمد. نتیجه نشان داد که با افزایش هدررفت خاک، میانگین IC برپایه‌ی RI کاهش می ­یابد، که نشان­ دهنده ­ی نامناسب بودن RI به ­تنهایی در جایگاه عامل وزنی است. برای توسعه‌دادن عامل وزنی جدید، ویژگی­ های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک­ ها در ترکیب با RI به‌کار برده‌شد. بهترین رابطه با هدررفت ­خاک با ضریب همبستگی 0/92 (P<0.01) در شاخص پیوستگی برپایه‌ی ترکیب سه ویژگی میانگین ­وزنی قطر خاک‌دانه­، مقاومت فروروی، و RI دیده شد. نقشه­ های شاخص پیوستگی برپایه‌ی عامل وزنی جدید نشان داد که این شاخص در R2 نسبت به R1 افزایش یافت. بررسی کارآیی عامل وزنی توسعه ­یافته در پژوهش پیوستگی رسوب دامنه ­های شخم­ خورده در شناخت محل‌های ­بحرانی در دامنه توصیه می­ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Appropriate Weighting Factor for Calculating Sediment Connectivity Index in Bare Tilled Soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Gerami 1
  • Mahmood Arabkhedri 2
  • Ahmad Karimi 3
  • Hossein Asadi 4
1 Ph.D.Candidate in Soil Resource Management, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of soil Engineering and Science, Terhran University, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The weighting factor of the sediment connectivity index (IC) is a challenging component of this index and must be properly explicated for different situations. The aim of this study is to develop a proper weighting factor for calculating IC based on experiments on three tilled soils from dry-farming fields in Kouheen, Sararud, and Gachsaran regions under a 111 mm/h rainfall simulation using a 5.8 m2 laboratory flume with a slope of 12%. For each soil sample, two rain events (R1 and R2) were simulated with an interval of 4 hours, and the soil losses were measured. In addition, a digital elevation model with a pixel size of 2 mm was prepared by accurate photography after each rain followed by calculating the IC based on roughness coefficient (RI) as the weighting factor. Measured soil losses of two rainfalls were 4796 and 3909 g for Gachsaran soil, 3465 and 2464 g for Kouheen soil, and 2679 and 2105 g for Sararud soil, respectively. The result shows that with increasing IC based-RI, soil loss was decreased which indicates the inadequacy of RI alone as a weighting factor. To develop a new weighting factor, several physical and chemical characteristics of soils were used in combination with RI. A comparison of the results showed that the IC based on a weighting factor obtained from the combination of mean weighted aggregate diameter, penetration resistance, and RI, has the highest coefficient of correlation with soil losses (0.92, P <0.01). Examination of the new IC maps showed that the IC in R2 increased compared to R1. It is recommended to study the possibility of using the developed weighting factor in calculating the IC of hillslopes after tillage in determining critical points in the hillslope.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • laboratory flume
  • mean weight diameter
  • penetration resistance
  • roughness coefficient
  • soil loss

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